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Cement
Cement
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Delivering on the EU’s electrification ambitions
EU paper The EU has ambitious goals for electrification Electrification is a key pillar of the EU’s energy security, industrial competitiveness, and climate strategy. Today, imported fuels account for around 60% of the EU’s total energy demand and cost the bloc EUR 380 billion in 2024. The risks associated with the EU’s reliance on fuel imports have been highlighted by recent market disruptions linked to the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz amid the conflict in the Middle East, bringing renewed attention to the EU’s target of increasing electrification from 24% today to 32% of…
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2022 Export Duty withdrawal (Iron Ore and Pellets)
An Export duty was implemented by the Indian government on iron and other steel intermediates from May to November 2022. The duty rate was 50% for low-grade iron ore lump exports and 45% tax for pellets exports
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Designing an effective strategic stockpiling system for critical minerals
critical minerals 2025 was the year when the risks of highly concentrated critical minerals supply chains materialised at scale The IEA has long warned of the potential security risks associated with the high concentration of critical mineral supply chains. In 2025, these risks became a reality, marking a major turning point for global economic security. The rare earths export controls announced by China in October 2025 posed major national and economic security risks across the world, with potentially severe impacts for a range of strategic sectors including energy, automotive, defence, aerospace, AI and semiconductors. Earlier export controls introduced in April…
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2024 Import duty on Steel products
In January 2024, Turkiye implemented increased import tariffs on flat iron and steel products, including alloyed galvanized sheets with a width of 600mm, hot-rolled sheets with a width of 600mm, 600mm cold-rolled sheet and stainless steel cold-rolled sheets.
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa
Minerals, materials and manufacturing This report explores key opportunities for African countries to step up the value chain in the growing global market for energy technologies, identifying opportunities beyond a role centred around extraction and mining to one more focused on mineral beneficiation, material production and technology manufacturing. These opportunities would enable Africa to retain a greater share of the economic value generated across energy technology supply chains, and would simultaneously contribute to global efforts to enhance supply chain diversification and resilience.The economic benefits of the new energy economy are currently distributed very unevenly. Emerging markets and developing economies…
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Direct grant and conditional payment to ThyssenKrupp Steel
In 2023, the Commission approved a EUR 550 million (~USD 579 million) direct grant and conditional payment mechanism of up to EUR 1.45 billion (~USD 1.53 billion) to support ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe in decarbonising its steel production and accelerating renewable hydrogen uptake. In July 2023, Habeck and Neubaur handed over a funding notice worth EUR 2 billion for the project tkH2Steel. Start of operation of the new DRI plant was planned for end of 2026 with a capacity of 2.3 Mtpa direct reduced iron.
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The energy crisis creates even stronger impetus for EU electrification
draft title Electrification is central to meeting the European Union’s goals on energy security, competitiveness, affordability, and emissions reductions. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz has highlighted the risks of over-dependence on imported fuels and concentrated supply routes, making the case for electrification even stronger.In the EU, around 70% of electricity generation is already supplied from domestic, low-emissions sources. And yet end-users (industry, buildings and transport sectors), source less than one quarter of their energy consumption from electricity. Today, around two-thirds of end-use energy consumption relies on fossil fuels, of which the…
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Businesses see competitive value of energy efficiency, but smaller firms struggle to access solutions
…terms. Energy efficiency drives competitiveness across all sectors, with select industries seeing outsized gains Across all sectors and regions, nearly 80% of companies surveyed recognised the value of energy efficiency in strengthening their competitive positions. And in sectors where energy makes up a larger share of total costs, like steel, chemicals and mining, views on the potential benefits of efficiency were even more pronounced.The mining sector illustrated this clearly in their survey responses. With energy typically accounting for 20% to 40% of operating expenditures, mining companies reported the highest perceived impact of energy efficiency efforts on enhanced competitiveness. This…
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Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security
Amid rising risks linked to the high concentration of critical mineral supply chains, the ability to track where minerals originate, how they move through supply chains, who has custody of them and how they are transformed is increasingly important for policymakers seeking to create diversified and responsible supply chains.This report provides insights from a first-of-its kind survey on traceability conducted by the IEA and OECD. More than 80 respondent companies active across supply chains of the six focus minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements) provided results between October and December 2025. Drawing on…
