• Country

        Portugal

        Portugal is supporting decarbonisation through a wide variety of measures, such as, coal-fired generation was phased out in 2021. Portugal is further developing its large hydropower fleet, including additional capacity of pumped hydro storage. Portugal is an international leader for integration of wind generation, and auctions are driving rapid deployment of PV and battery storage. Portugal is pushing for better electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe. Portugal’s National Energy and Climate Plan sets 2030 targets for emissions reductions, energy efficiency and renewable energy that aim to put the country a path to achieving cost effective carbon neutrality…

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        • Country

        Iran

        Iran has in place legislation obliging the Minister of Energy to increase the share of renewables and clean power plants to at least 5% of the country's capacity until the end of 2021.

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        • Country

        Algeria

        Algeria is a large oil and gas producer and exporter. In 2015, the country updated its Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan to 2030, and put greater focus on the deployment of large-scale renewables, including solar PV and onshore wind installations, through various incentive measures.

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        • Country

        Botswana

        Coal production is set to increase in Botswana, but exports remain limited and mainly involve trade with neighbouring countries. Regarding electrification rates, the country has recently made good progress through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.

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        • Country

        Namibia

        Most of Namibia’s electricity is generated by hydropower. The country is also one of the ten-largest uranium resource-holders in the world and provides 8.2% of global production. The country has stated its interest in introducing nuclear power into its domestic mix.

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        • Country

        Italy

        Italy aims for carbon neutrality by 2050 and is on track to reach its 2030 targets for emissions reductions and energy efficiency, aiming to reach 30% of renewables in total energy consumption and 55% of renewables in electricity generation. The country has experienced notable growth in the renewable energy sector and has successfully integrated large volumes of variable renewable generation. Natural gas is a major source for electricity and heating, therefore Italy has strengthened its energy security by diversifying natural gas supply, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing…

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        • Technology report

        • Apr 2026

        Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security

        Amid rising risks linked to the high concentration of critical mineral supply chains, the ability to track where minerals originate, how they move through supply chains, who has custody of them and how they are transformed is increasingly important for policymakers seeking to create diversified and responsible supply chains.This report provides insights from a first-of-its kind survey on traceability conducted by the IEA and OECD. More than 80 respondent companies active across supply chains of the six focus minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements) provided results between October and December 2025. Drawing on…

        GettyImages 1060659366 Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security

        • Country

        Sudan

        Most of Sudan’s electricity generation comes from hydropower, and more than half of the Eastern African region’s total oil-based capacity is located in the country. Sudan is also contemplating scaling up projects on solar power in the coming years.

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        • Country

        India

        Energy demand in India is growing rapidly with major implications for the global energy market. The Government of India has made remarkable progress in providing access to electricity and clean cooking while implementing a range of energy market reforms and integrating a high share of renewable energy sources into the grid. India, with a population of 1.36 billion and a fast growing economy, has seen its energy demand increasing rapidly as the country continues to urbanize and the manufacturing sector develops. This growing demand is met through various energy sources, with coal set to remain the largest source of…

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        • Policy report

        • May 2026

        Demand- and Supply-Side Measures for the Industry Transition

        Policy brief As governments look to scale up lead markets for near-zero and low-emissions steel and cement, targeted policy measures can help overcome commercialisation barriers, capture emerging market opportunities and support broader government objectives. This policy brief explores a variety of possible policy instruments to stimulate demand and supply of such industrial materials, providing options that governments could adopt and adapt as part of their industrial policy framework – tailored to their unique circumstances to enhance effectiveness – along with practical next steps towards implementation.

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