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Brazil
…biofuels and flex-fuel cars provide a large domestic market. Ethanol supply is set to average 660 kb/d in 2026, up 90 kb/d compared with 2020 and 35 kb/d higher than in 2019. A system of contract auctions provides a mechanism to bring forward investment in new generation and transmission capacity, as well as to diversify the power mix.
Large offshore oil and gas discoveries have confirmed Brazil’s status as one of the world’s foremost oil and gas provinces. Pre-salt discoveries also prompted a change in upstream regulation, granting Petrobras – the national oil company …- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Serbia
In Serbia, the National Renewable Energy Action Plan set targets of renewable energy sources use until 2020, as well as the pathway to achieve them. Among other things, it enhances investments towards the development of renewables.
Data for Serbia includes Montenegro until 2004.- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Iran
Iran has in place legislation obliging the Minister of Energy to increase the share of renewables and clean power plants to at least 5% of the country's capacity until the end of 2021.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Libya
In 2013, the Libyan government launched the Renewable Energy Strategic 2013-2025 Plan, which aims to achieve 7% renewable energy contribution to the electric energy mix by 2020 and 10% by 2025. This will come from wind, Concentrated Solar Power, solar PV and solar heat.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Aluminium
Aluminium
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Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal
…transitions. Recent volatility in international gas markets has reinforced the short‑term economic and security value of existing coal assets, adding complexity to national transition strategies. The region’s young coal fleet also implies substantial long‑term emissions if plants continue operating at current utilisation rates.Against this backdrop, new approaches are being explored to support coal transitions while maintaining secure and reliable power systems. This report examines the potential role of transition credits as a market‑based instrument to support coal transitions in Southeast Asia. It analyses the scale of emissions from existing coal fleets, options to reduce emissions from operating plants, and…
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Gas Market Report, Q1-2026
…markets continued to rebalance in 2025. Global LNG supply returned to double-digit growth in the second half of the year, supported by the ramping-up of new LNG liquefaction projects in the United States, Canada and Africa. This strong growth is gradually easing market fundamentals and contributing to a more secure and resilient global gas market.Global LNG supply growth is set to accelerate further in 2026, fostering a stronger increase in natural gas demand, which is expected to reach a new all-time high. Although the LNG supply growth is reducing market tightness, geopolitical tensions and weather impacts…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025
…level of hydrogen adoption that could be achieved by 2030. This report includes a special chapter on Southeast Asia, exploring the region’s potential for the production and use of low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels and products in the near term.The report is complemented by updates to the Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database, and a new online Hydrogen Tracker that allows users to further explore announced projects for low-emissions hydrogen production and infrastructure deployment, hydrogen production costs by region and technology, and more than 1 000 hydrogen policy measures worldwide announced or implemented since 2020. Annex
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Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya
Key challenges and strategic priorities Building on its renewable energy success, Kenya is now focused on managing a secure and reliable electricity system. With nearly 90% of the generation mix derived from renewable sources and electricity access rising from 37% in 2013 to 79% in 2025, the country has established itself as a regional leader in energy development.Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya explores how Kenya can strengthen its power system amid rising shares of variable renewable energy (VRE). The report identifies Kenya’s system to be operating in Phase 3 of the IEA’s VRE integration framework, where…
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Rare earth elements 2025
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both key energy technologies and other uses under different IEA Scenarios. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply requirements.
