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Critical Minerals
…companies and investors globally – the IEA has been growing its work in this field, expanding its production of high-quality data, analysis and policy recommendations that can inform decision-making among stakeholders. This episode of the IEA's Everything Energy podcast examines the rising strategic importance of key energy-related minerals, featuring conversations with experts on the sidelines of the IEA’s 2026 Ministerial Meeting. Key findings Diversification is the cornerstone of energy security, yet critical minerals are moving in the opposite direction Critical mineral markets have become more concentrated, not less, particularly when it comes to refining and processing…
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Artificial Intelligence
…questions in April 2026.As the tech sector and energy industry become more intertwined than ever before, the IEA will continue to provide data and robust analysis to inform decision makers. It will also facilitate ongoing dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders, which is essential to maximising benefits and reducing risks. . Meeting electricity demand Data centres, AI and electricity demand The training and deployment of AI models mainly occurs in data centres. While traditional data centres use between 10 and 25 megawatts (MW) of power, demand by hyperscale AI centres can exceed 100 MW – equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of…
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Investment
…How this spending is allocated has major consequences for energy security, affordability and transitions around the world.The IEA regularly tracks capital flows in the energy sector, identifying key trends and studying their impact. Analyses such as our flagship World Energy Investment report, published annually, explore how investors are assessing risks and opportunities across all areas of fuel and electricity supply, critical minerals, energy efficiency, research and development and energy finance.The Agency also supports governments and industry as they work to reduce barriers to investing in secure, affordable and clean energy. Our analysis is designed to enhance transparency around economic and…
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Russia's War on Ukraine
…straining the finances of households and businesses, and complicating efforts to improve access to electricity. Energy markets, faced with an unusually high degree of geopolitical uncertainty, remain on edge.In Ukraine, the energy sector is on the front line of the war for the second consecutive winter. As temperatures have dropped, Russia has resumed a broad military offensive targeting power plants and other key energy infrastructure across the country, which in 2022 and 2023 caused extensive damage and left many Ukrainians without reliable supplies of electricity or heat for long periods. Recent improvements to Ukraine’s air defence systems have helped…
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Net Zero Emissions
An increasing number of countries have been making pledges to reduce their emissions to net zero in the coming decades. To inform these efforts, the IEA released a first-of-its-kind Net Zero Roadmap in 2021, outlining what would be required within the energy sector to achieve this goal at the global level by mid-century. An update to the Roadmap, which has served as an essential benchmark for policy makers, industry, the financial sector and civil society, was published in 2023.The Roadmap is based on the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario, which portrays a pathway for the…
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COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
The latest IEA data and analysis on global action to meet the energy goals set at COP28 Nearly 200 countries made major collective pledges on energy at the COP28 climate summit in Dubai with the aim of keeping within reach the Paris Agreement target of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C. For the first time, governments explicitly recognised that to achieve this target, energy-related emissions need to reach net zero by 2050, and they set key goals to help meet this objective – including tripling global renewable energy capacity and doubling global energy efficiency improvements by 2030, and deploying emerging technologies…
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Energy and Water
Energy and water are deeply and fundamentally connected Water is essential for almost every aspect of producing energy, from electricity generation to fossil fuel extraction to biofuels cultivation. In fact, the energy sector accounts for roughly 10% of all global freshwater withdrawals. Meanwhile, energy is crucial to maintaining global water supply. It is needed to extract water from lakes, rivers and oceans; lift groundwater from aquifers and pump it through pipes and canals; and treat water and deliver it to users.This interdependence is set to intensify in the coming years. Each resource faces rising demand and growing constraints in many…
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Climate Change
…OECD) and the IEA. Established in 1993, CCXG activities are jointly supported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the IEA. Energy and climate Energy security and climate security go hand in hand Risks to global energy security are getting worse as climate change intensifies. Higher temperatures, as well as more frequent and severe extreme weather events, increasingly threaten the reliable supply of fuels, minerals and electricity, which can result in higher energy prices. Drought conditions, for example, can impede the operation of thermo-electric and nuclear power plants, which require water for cooling. Meanwhile, hurricanes…
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Energy and Gender
It comprises a number of senior officials from IEA Member countries, facilitating the exchange of best practices on gender equality and inclusion and gender mainstreaming across the energy sector. Women are vital energy consumers, producers and decision-makers who make a crucial contribution to global energy security and energy transitions. Building a more secure, fair and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of…
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Energy Innovation
CERT co-ordinates and promotes the development, demonstration and deployment of clean energy technologies. The CERT has established five working parties: the Working Party on Fossil Energy; the Working Party on Renewable Energy Technologies; the Working Party on Energy End-Use Technologies; the Fusion Power Co-ordinating Committee and the Working Party of Industrial Decarbonisation. The CERT has also established an Experts' Group on R&D Priority-Setting and Evaluation (EGRD) to advise on R&D priority-setting, linkages to governmental policy objectives and methods in the evaluation of R&D activities, and an understanding of emerging R&D topics. Energy…