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The State of Energy Innovation 2025
A comprehensive assessment of recent progress and emerging challenges in energy technology innovation Global energy innovation is evolving rapidly, shaped by technological advances, increased public and private investment, and a shifting international landscape. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent progress and emerging challenges in energy technology innovation, drawing on over 150 innovation highlights and a survey of practitioners across 34 countries. It analyses trends in public and corporate R&D spending, venture capital flows, and technology demonstration efforts, highlighting an increasingly international landscape, with emerging economies making strides alongside traditional leaders. The report documents the increasing focus on…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…with one in four cars sold being electric. This was in line with the IEA’s forecast for annual sales share in the 2025 edition of the Global EV Outlook. Intense domestic competition, attractive prices and the growing availability of different models have supported the rapid rollout of EVs in China, with electric cars capturing more than half of all annual car sales for the first time in 2025. Sales of electric heavy-freight trucks also tripled in 2025, reaching more than 200 000 units. Almost all the growth in China’s electric car sales came from pure battery electric vehicles…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
…respectively. In Latin America, electric bus sales have risen from around 600 in 2020 to over 2 000 in 2024, which accounts for almost 40% of sales outside of China, Europe, and the countries mentioned above. City buses are driving the transition, like in Europe. In Mexico, close to 8% of all bus sales were electric in 2024, up from just above 1% in 2023. There has also been impressive growth in Colombia, Chile, Brazil, and other countries over the past few years. Another notable trend is the decline in the share of PHEVs among electric buses. In China, the share…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
…time, the Chinese government launched a trade-in programme for electric bicycles in 2024, boosting their sales. Urban commuters, in particular, may be attracted by e-bikes as a lower-cost alternative that enables access to bike lanes and areas where 2Ws are banned. As the Chinese market for electric 2Ws continues to decline, the country’s OEMs are looking abroad for growth opportunities. China’s largest electric 2W manufacturer, Yadea, broke ground on a USD 150 million new assembly plant in Indonesia in 2024, which has a planned output of 3 million vehicles by 2028 (likely to also include e-bikes). In…
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Integrating Distributed Energy Resources in China
Lessons from international experience Like no other country in the world, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) is witnessing rapid growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), including rooftop solar photovoltaics, battery storage and electric vehicle (EV) chargers. As China advances towards its carbon peaking and neutrality goals, these resources offer a unique opportunity to support a more flexible, efficient and resilient power system, provided their integration is well-managed.This report analyses recent trends in DER deployment across China and highlights the emerging challenges their growth poses for power system planning and operation, calling for renewed attention to…
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United States
…economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today the third-largest market for renewable energy investment, heat pump manufacturing and electric vehicle sales and enabling clean energy transitions around the world through its leadership in technology innovation.- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Canada is set to play a leading role in supplying the world with responsibly produced critical minerals
…expenditure. Large urban cities such as Toronto and Vancouver are also recognised as global hubs for mining and mineral exploration, financing and corporate services. The manufacturing of technologies that use critical minerals is gaining momentum, but challenges remain The IEA’s Review found that Canada also has the strong potential to grow its manufacturing base for renewable energy technologies, batteries and battery components, and other strategic applications, underpinned by its abundant low-emissions power and critical mineral resources. Since 2020, Canada has attracted large-scale investments in electric vehicle and battery supply chains from a range of foreign companies, inc...
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Chile
…has a single interconnected national electricity system.
This frontrunner role is underlined by the governments pledge to net-zero by 2050, which includes closing two thirds of coal plants by 2025. This goal is supported by a Just Transition Strategy, currently being developed by the government. It also includes, for the first time, a focus on green hydrogen and electric mobility, in line with the respective National Hydrogen Strategy (2020) and the Electromobility Strategy (2022). The former aims for 5 GW of electrolysis capacity by 2025, while the latter lays out a goal of 100% electric vehicle sales by 2035.- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle charging
Charging electric light-duty vehicles Public chargers have doubled since 2022 to reach more than 5 million Access to public charging points is key to supporting mass adoptionHome charging remains the most popular way to charge for EV owners. However, more public chargers are needed to support mass adoption of EVs among segments of the population without access to home chargers. In 2024, more than 1.3 million public charging points were added to the global stock, representing an increase of more than 30% compared to the previous year. Just the charging points added in 2024 were approximately equal to the…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
…30% compared to 2024, and more than 7 times greater than in 2020. Light‑duty vehicles remained the dominant segment, representing more than 85% of the 2025 EV battery deployment. However, the fastest growth came from electric trucks, for which battery demand more than doubled – largely thanks to a sharp acceleration in sales in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) (see One in four trucks sold in China in 2025 was electric). As a result, electric trucks accounted for about 8% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, up from less than 5% in 2024.Regionally, EV battery deployment…
