• Policy

        • Iraq

        • 2018

        Law No. 4 regarding the Iraqi National Oil Company Law

        The Law No 4 sets the regulatory framework for oil and gas production in Iraq. The Iraqi government retains full ownership of all oil and gas resources, and private companies cannot obtain exclusive rights but may operate under service contracts. The National Oil Company is given the authority to sign exploration and production agreements.

        • Policy

        • Switzerland

        • 2025

        Environmental Protection Act

        With the revision of the CO2 Act adopted by Parliament on 15 March 2024, Article 35d of the Environmental Protection Act was also revised. Among other things, this links the placing on the market of renewable fuels to compliance with ecological requirements. Furthermore, the article gives the Federal Council the authority to also set ecological requirements for the placing on the market of low-emission fuels (including hydrogen)

        • Policy

        • Czech Republic

        • 2001

        Energy Act (Act No. 458/2000 Coll.)

        The Energy Act, which came into force in January 2001, sets out conditions for the business activities, state administration and regulation in energy sub-sectors, such as electricity, gas and heat as well as the rights and obligations of individuals. It defines a framework for the liberalisation of the electricity and gas markets. It supports the use of renewable energy sources and CHP. It defines conditions for the obligatory purchase of electricity and heat produced from renewables and from CHP through the creation of the Energy Regulation Office.

        • Policy

        • Poland

        • 2022

        Gas price control measures

        In response to the global energy price crisis, the Polish government enacted measures to ensure consumers benefit from the lowest price applicable to their respective gas supply contracts, from 1 January to 31 December 2022.In addition, gas prices and tariff rates of gaseous fuels cannot be increased in 2022. Gas sellers who fail to comply with the obligation to apply the regulation will be fined. The measure, initially enacted until 2023, is extended until 2027. 

        • Policy

        • Islamic Republic of Iran

        • 2012

        Law on the Duties and Powers of the Ministry of Oil of 2012

        This law establishes and mandates the Ministry of Oil to implement the general policies of the oil and gas sector in Iran. This includes policymaking, governance, planning and monitoring of all upstream and downstream operations in the oil, gas, petrochemical and refining sectors. It shall also oversee the sovereignty and public ownership of oil and gas resources on behalf of the government. The law further stipulates matters pertaining to investment and financing of contracts and projects in the upstream sector of the oil industry. The duties and powers of the Ministry of Oil regarding investment and financing include the following…

        • Policy

        • Australia

        • 2022

        South Australia new legislation on hydrogen production

        The new legislation will provide a single access point into government for licensing and regulating hydrogen generation projects, similar to what has been afforded to the oil and gas industry. It will cover both hydrogen production from renewables and from natural gas with carbon capture and storage.

        • Policy

        • Portugal

        • 2004

        Resolution of the Council of Ministries - 171/2004

        The Council of Ministries approved a Programme with actions towards facing the potential impact of the high prices of oil in the international market. This Programme has in mind the particular situation of the high dependence of Portuguese economy in imported energy namely oil and the high energy intensity of Portuguese Economy. The main actions proposed in this Programme are: 1) A significant increase of the production of Energy from Renewable sources and the liberalization of energy markets. 2) Incentives to the utilization of Public Transports and the implementation of multimodal Transports infrastructures. 3) Incentives to energy efficiency and to…

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2007

        E-Energy - ICT-based energy system of the future

        …the development of renewable energies and for increasing energy efficiency, funding of the pilot projects is taking place in a cross-departmental partnership between the BMWi and the BMU. The BMWi is providing up to €40m for four pilot regions and the BMU is paying up to €20m to fund two additional pilot regions. Thus taken together with the contributions of the participant companies a total of about €140m is being mobilised for the development of the six E-Energy pilot regions. The objective of E-Energy is the development of new solutions52 Energy efficiency and energy savings in Germany

        • Policy

        • Pakistan

        • 2020

        Development Plan for Pakistan

        Oil companies are obligated to maintain stocks equivalent to 20 days demand on commercial requirements basis.

        • Policy

        • Slovenia

        • 2025

        Act on the Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources

        The Act states the installation and use of boilers that run on fuel oil, mazut, and coal to be prohibited, except where their use is part of an industrial or production process.Investors who apply for building permits after 1 January 2025 shall not be allowed to install natural gas or heating oil boilers.

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