• Policy

        • Estonia

        • 2005

        Liquid Fuel Stocks Act

        The Act provides the basis for the constitution, maintenance and management of compulsory liquid fuel stocks. The Estonian Stockpiling Agency is responsible for the creation and maintenance of the stocks.  In the event of emergency, the government has the right by directive and for a specified period to establish demand restraint measures, including speed limits. The Act was last amended in 2023.

        • Policy

        • Cyprus

        • 2003

        Petroleum Products Stocks Conservation Law

        This law establishes rules aimed at ensuring a high level of security of oil supply through reliable and transparent mechanisms, the maintenance of minimum stocks of crude oil and petroleum products and the creation of the necessary procedural means to address a serious shortage. It was last amended in 2020. KODAP is designated as the Central Stockpile Maintenance Agency and is responsible for maintaining emergency stocks, and is composed of entities that import oil products in Cyprus for commercial purposes.

        • Policy

        • Austria

        • 2024

        Hydrogen Promotion Act - WFÖG - Wasserstoffförderungsgesetz

        The Wasserstoffförderungsgesetz (WFöG) aims to promote the production of renewable hydrogen in Austria to achieve climate neutrality by 2040. The law provides up to €820 million in funding for the construction and operation of renewable hydrogen production facilities, supporting them for up to 10 years. It targets a production capacity of 300 MW. Funding is allocated through competitive auctions, with the next auction starting on December 3, 2024

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2009

        Energy-related Products Act (EVPG):Implementing measure for electrical appliances in the TRS-sector

        …During the recast of the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC), its scope was extended to all energy-relevant products.The EU Ecodesign Directive (2005/32/EC) was transposed into German law in 2008. The Energy-using Products Act (EBPG) was replaced in 2011 through the Energy-related Products Act (EVPG). The Energy-related Products Act (EVPG) contains the national law framework for the enforcement of product-specific implementing ecodesign measures laid down by the European Commission. The act also contains provisions on market surveillance in Germany. Implementing measures in force for energy-using and energy-related equipment in the TRS…

        • Policy

        • Finland

        • 2019

        Promoting the use of bioliquids in machinery and heating

        In 2019, an act introducing a quota obligation for light fuel oil supply was approved. Physical share of bioliquid energy content in light fuel oil shall be minimum 3 % in 2021 increasing gradually to 10 % in 2028.

        • Policy

        • Libya

        • 1955

        Petroleum Law No 25 of 1955

        …oil wells. It does not cover natural gas. The allocation or permit holders must carry out all the needed operations for the development of oil resources according to the sector’s best practices. The law also establishes the Petroleum Commission, which makes decisions on whether to grant concessions to private companies.  Furthermore, it provides broad authority for the Petroleum Commission to decide on matters concerning granting, assigning, renewing, relinquishing, or cancelling licenses and concessions.  This regulation defines applicable taxes, fees, rents, royalty rates and penalties due to non-compliance. Moreover, it has provisions regarding transport facilities (including pipelines) and oil…

        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 2000

        Gas Act

        This law contains rules regarding the transport and supply of gas. It is under the authority of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MEA) while the Energy Chamber of the Authority for Consumers and Markets acts as supervisor. The network operator must ensure an effective quality assurance system, including processes and procedures that guarantee the quality, safety, and reliability of the gas transport network. If an incident occurs or has the potential to occur that negatively impacts people or the environment, the operator must report it to the Ministry of Economic Affairs as soon as possible (Article 8a). Network operators, gas…

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2017

        2017 Amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG 2017)

        On 8th of July 2016 Germany adopted amendment to the Renewable Energy Act (further: EEG 2017). The amendment will enter into force on 1st of January 2017.
        The reform introduces public tender procedures for onshore wind, offshore wind, solar and biomass projects in country’s efforts to shift from FIT support renewable energy deployment to market orientated price finding mechanism. With that, projects will no longer be eligible for statuary feed-in tariff remuneration but will have to bid for it in public auction organised and monitored by the Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur). Successful projects will receive contracts for duration…

        • Policy

        • Greece

        • 1995

        Law 2289/1995 - Hydrocarbons Law

        Exploration and production rights are licensed by the state-owned enterprise HEREMA through lease agreements and production sharing agreements.

        • Policy

        • Austria

        • 2020

        Oil Boiler Installation Ban Act

        In 2020, Austria enforced its ban over solid and liquid fossil fuels heating systems in new buildings. 

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