• Policy

        • Germany

        • 2025

        Renewable Energy Directive - National transposition for industry

        …and Climate Protection (BMWK) decided that the RFNBO industrial targets (from the Renewable Energy Directive revision) will not be passed on to individual companies and instead Germany will aim to achieve the binding targets through a combination of subsidy measures targeting the demand side. These could include CCfD, the H2Global and direct subsidies for steel producers (all of which were already in place by the time of this announcement). There is a range of estimates of 0.6-0.9 Mtpa of RFNBO supply needed to satisfy the industry target (see references). Germany said it will recognise the refinery route…

        • Policy

        • France

        • 2013

        Defense Code and Energy Code - Stocking of Petroleum Products

        The Code includes a section on strategic stockpiling of oil and petroleum products and reflects the EU directive 2009/119. The stocks are maintained by the Professional Committee for Strategic Petroleum Stocks (CPSSP) through SAGESS. The article was last amended in 2020.

        • Policy

        • United Kingdom

        • 1998

        Petroleum Act 1998

        This act states that Her Majesty has exclusive rights to petroleum and natural gas resources in the country's territory (including the petroleum in Crown land). It authorises the government to issue licenses to develop petroleum resources and establishes the general licensing conditions.  The act vests authority in the Oil and Gas Authority (OGA), on behalf of Her Majesty, to grant licences to explore and exploit petroleum.  The OGA may determine what consideration should be paid for each license, by way of royalty or otherwise, with the consent of the Treasury. It also has the authority to grant flaring and…

        • Policy

        • Portugal

        • 2001

        Decree-Law 114/2001, establishing the provisions applicable to the definition of energy crisis, its declaration, and the exceptional measures to be applied in that situation

        This Decree-Law establishes the provisions applicable to the definition of an energy crisis, its declaration and the exceptional measures to apply in this situation. The Portuguese Government may respond to oil supply emergencies by taking measures leading to the restraint of oil demand. The Decree further stipulates that demand restraint measures may initially aim to persuade the population to reduce energy consumption by disseminating information and media campaigns. Compulsory measures, on the other hand, may consist of restrictions placed upon the use of motor vehicles or restrictions of underused routes of public transportation.

        • Policy

        • Ukraine

        • 2023

        Law on Minimum Stocks of Oil and Petroleum Products

        The Law on Minimum Stocks of Oil and Petroleum Products implements the European Union’s Directive 2009/119/EC and lays out a specific legal framework concerning the protection of Ukraine's energy supply by stockholding oil and other petroleum products. The volume of minimum reserves of oil and petroleum products is maintained by operators and market entities assigned by the government authority.

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2024

        Germany Raw Materials Fund

        In February 2024, the German Federal Government initiated the Raw Materials Fund to support projects ensuring the long-term procurement of critical raw materials for Germany and the EU.The fund aims to enhance the security of supply for raw materials, thereby strengthening the domestic economy and reducing dependency on individual commodity exporters.Managed by the German development bank KfW, projects related to the extraction, processing, and recycling of critical raw materials will receive equity support, particularly benefiting early-stage projects. Financing budgets per project range from EUR 50 to EUR 150 million, with a the total fund amount of…

        • Policy

        • United Arab Emirates

        • 1978

        (Abu Dhabi) Law No. 8 of 1978 - The Conservation of Petroleum Resources Law

        This is the primary legislation regulating oil and gas operations in the Emirate. It states that the Supreme Petroleum Council formulates and oversees the implementation of Abu Dhabi's petroleum policy and follows up its implementation across all areas of the petroleum industry. The law covers all upstream petroleum operations. It requires the industry to use the most reliable technological methods as well as equipment and materials that adhere to international standards, both in terms of safety and efficiency. Moreover, construction of facilities requires prior approval, including the submission of comprehensive studies and technical and economic assessments. All exploration activities…

        • Policy

        • Korea

        • 1970

        PETROLEUM AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL BUSINESS ACT

        The purpose of this Act is to ensure the stability of supply and demand and prices of petroleum and securing the appropriate quality of petroleum products and alternative fuels. Obligations to stock oil stands for refineries, exporters, importers and retailers.

        • Policy

        • Malaysia

        • 1974

        Petroleum and Electricity (Control of Supplies) Act

        This act grants the government the authority to control the supply and distribution of petroleum products. It includes provisions for regulating the quantity of petrol that can be sold and ensuring equitable distribution during times of shortage, so as restricting the use of motor vehicles, among other measures.

        • Policy

        • Morocco

        • 1971

        Loi n° 009-71 on emergency stocks

        The Law requires oil companies to maintain a security stock equivalent to sixty days of consumption for oil products and thirty days for crude oil.

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