• Policy

        • Kuwait

        • 2020

        First biennial update report of the state of Kuwait to the UNFCCC

        The report presents an inventory of the greenhouse gases, including methane, from key sectors in the country, it also describes the effects of climate change on the local temperature, rainfall patterns, and the impact of rising sea level on vital sectors in the country. According to the document, Kuwait is committed to combining economic growth with low carbon and climate-resilient approach. The country has developed GHG mitigation policies and measures with a focus on fugitive emissions from the oil and gas sector and combustion-related emissions mainly from power generation. Two flare recovery projects were mentioned in the report…

        • Policy

        • Japan

        • 1975

        Oil Stockpiling Act

        The purpose of this Act is to ensure a stable supply of oil by taking measures to stockpile and distribute oil and petroleum products in the situation of a shortage in Japan. The primary role of the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) is to manage 90 days (based on the net imports) of public stocks. Specified oil importers and distributors are required to hold a minimum level of stocks compliant with the Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The Act was last amended in 2012.

        • Policy

        • People's Republic of China

        • 2015

        Fuel excise tax

        In China, the Refined Oil Excise Tax applies to gasoline, naphtha, solvent and lubricating oil at a uniform rate of CNY 1.52 per litre, as well as to diesel, and fuel oil at a uniform rate of CNY 1.2 per litre (rate since 2015). Revenues are earmarked for transport funding and green purposes. 

        • Policy

        • Morocco

        • 1971

        Loi n° 009-71 on emergency stocks

        The Law requires oil companies to maintain a security stock equivalent to sixty days of consumption for oil products and thirty days for crude oil.

        • Policy

        • Portugal

        • 2013

        Decree-Law No. 165/2013

        The decree transposes Council Directive 2009/119/EC of 14 September 2009, which requires Member States to maintain a minimum level of crude oil and/or petroleum product reserves. The stockpilling obligation resides on importers and the National Entity for the Energy Sector (NESE EPE).

        • Policy

        • Democratic Republic of the Congo

        • 2015

        Hydrocarbons Law (Law No. 15/012 of 2015)

        The State, through its national company, constitutes and maintains a minimum level of stocks of all categories of petroleum products equivalent to sixty days of consumption.

        • Policy

        • Oman

        • 2024

        Oman - Energy Budget 2024

        In 2024, The Ministry of Finance of Oman announced the 2024 budget for the different sectors. For the energy sector, the budget included the following:Supporting Investment Activities for the Electricity: 460 million Omani RialSupporting Investment Activities for the fossil fuel based products: 35 million Omani RialProjects for Oil and Gas production: 1.5 billion Omani Rial

        • Policy

        • Pakistan

        • 2020

        Development Plan for Pakistan

        Oil companies are obligated to maintain stocks equivalent to 20 days demand on commercial requirements basis.

        • Policy

        • United Republic of Tanzania

        • 2022

        Temporary suspension of petrol, diesel and kerosen levy

        In order to protect consumers from the effect of the international energy price crisis, the Tanzanian government suspended its TZS 100/litre  tax on petrol, diesel, and kerosene, from March to end May 2022.

        • Policy

        • Japan

        • 2024

        Renewable hydrogen exchange market trial in Tokyo

        The Tokyo Commodity Exchange (Tocom), on behalf of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, launched hydrogen tenders in December 2024. On the supply side, one winner offered JPY 300/Nm³ (USD 21.2/kg). On the demand side, two winners bid JPY 89/Nm³ (USD 6.3/kg) and JPY 230/Nm³ (USD 16.3/kg). The government will subsidize the price gap. Deliveries ran from January to March 2025. A second trial is planned for July–September 2025. Supplier and buyer tenders were scheduled for May, with results expected in early June and contracts signed the same month. In June 2025…

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