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Policy
Netherlands
2020
EU Funding Allocation (2021-2027)
The EU Funding Allocation (2021-2027) will allocate the below amounts to the Netherlands.-Cohesion policy funds (ERDF, ESF+, Cohesion Fund): 1.3 billion EUR – European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, and direct payments from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund: 5 billion EUR-Recovery and Resilience Facility: 6 billion EUR-Just Transition Fund: 0.57 billion EUR. In its plan, the Netherlands has set objectives for energy security policies that are primarilybased on the principle of well-functioning energy markets. Additionally, the funding targets related to research, innovation and competitiveness are well aligned and consistent with climate and energy objectives…
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Policy
Netherlands
2018
Citydeal Shared E-mobility in Urban Planning and Development
Under this programme, seven cities in the Netherlands have agreed to test the deployment of shared electric vehicles integrated with innovative housing projects. In total, this project will include more than 5000 new homes and 200 cars.
The aim of the programme is to understand how buildings and vehicles can be better integrated via vehicle-to-building (V2B) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies to deliver more efficient energy use in cities.
Through collaboration, these cities aim to share knowledge that can be used to scale-up the use of shared electric vehicles in Dutch cities.
The seven participating cities… -
Policy
Netherlands
2016
Green Deal on Electric Transport 2016-2020 (Green Deal 198)
This strategic plan aims to increase the penetration of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. The aspirational target is that by 2020 10% of newly-sold passenger vehicles should have an electric powertrain. In addition, 75,000 private individuals should be driving an electric car by 2020, with 50,000 of these being second-hand and 25,000 new vehicles. By 2025, the aim is for 50 % of all newly-sold cars to have an electric powertrain. A minimum of 30 % of these, i.e. 15 % of all newly-sold cars, must be Battery Electric Vehicles.
To achieve these high-level… -
Country report
Apr 2025
Germany 2025 Executive summary
Germany is at an important inflection point in its energy transition. As one era of its energy history draws to a close, another is coming clearly into view – the move away from nuclear, coal and Russian natural gas contrasted by the transition towards renewables, low-emissions hydrogen, heat pumps and electric vehicles (EVs). While the world has been buffeted by geopolitical and geoeconomic challenges in recent years, Germany has worked hard to accelerate its clean energy transition. This report seeks to provide Germany with timely advice on how it can progress towards its energy and climate goals, including in three…
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Commentary
04 Feb 2026
Canada is set to play a leading role in supplying the world with responsibly produced critical minerals
Commentary Already a mining hub, Canada could play a big part in diversifying global mineral supply chains Since 2023, the IEA has been conducting Critical Mineral Reviews – in-depth country reviews of critical mineral policies and security that have served as part of the Agency’s pioneering work to ensure secure mineral supply chains. The latest Critical Minerals Review of Canada shows that at a time of increasing concentration risks, including from export controls by the dominant supplier, Canada has the potential to contribute to the development of secure, diversified and competitive global supply chains for critical minerals.Canada can…
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Country
Korea
Korea has set a target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 by substantially increasing the share of renewable energy sources, gradually phasing out coal, significantly improving energy efficiency and fostering the country’s nascent hydrogen industry. Korea’s energy sector is characterised by a dominance of fossil fuels, a strong dependence on energy imports and one of the highest shares of industrial energy use among IEA countries. Korea aims to leverage the fourth industrial revolution for its energy transition and to foster green growth by means of low-carbon technologies and clean energy. Due to Korea’s high share of…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Country
Syria
The 2009 Syrian Law on Energy Conservation aims to fulfil the sustainable development requirements of the country and deploy various renewable energy applications. Private and public institutions must commit to energy efficiency practices, use renewables and high energy- efficiency equipment.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Fuel report
Jun 2026
Global Hydrogen Review 2026
The IEA's Global Hydrogen Review 2026 provides an update on hydrogen production and demand worldwide and identifies the latest developments relating to policy, infrastructure, trade, investments and innovation.The report is an output of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative and is intended to provide an update to energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospects of hydrogen, and to inform discussions at the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting organised by Japan.The conflict in the Middle East is impacting global supplies of hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives, such as fertilisers, exposing vulnerabilities in their supply chains. As energy security…
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Country report
May 2026
Portugal 2026 Executive summary
Thanks to steady expansion of hydropower, wind power generation and solar photovoltaics (PV) in recent years, Portugal has one of the lowest carbon intensities of electricity generation among IEA Member countries. Portugal is entering a mid‑transition that requires managing two interconnected energy systems that are moving in opposite directions: one is based on renewables and electrification and must scale up rapidly; the other is a legacy fossil fuel system that must decline in an orderly way to avoid stranded assets and price shocks. Electricity is becoming the central pillar of energy security and the main driver of emissions reductions.Portugal…
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Country
Madagascar
Around a quarter of the population of Madagascar has access to electricity, and only 1.5% has access to clean cooking facilities. In 2019, Madagascar’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (85%), with oil products (11%), coal and hydro accounting for the rest of the total energy supply. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 27% had access to electricity. The Government of Madagascar has set a target of reaching 70% electricity access rate by 2030.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages