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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
Many energy-related minerals are used across multiple sectors, including digital technologies, aerospace and high-performance materials While critical minerals are often associated with electrification, renewables and battery storage, their significance extends well beyond energy, underpinning a broad array of industrial and technological applications. From AI and robotics to high-performance materials and aerospace, these minerals’ contribution to industrial and technological development is increasing, with broad economic implications. The range of strategic materials with significant implications for the energy sector should not be underestimated. Superalloys – which require a diverse array of input metals – illustrate this: approximately two-thirds of global…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Overview of outlook for key minerals
Demand for critical minerals continues to rise across all scenarios, driven by the rapid deployment of energy technologies Demand for key energy minerals is set to grow rapidly across all scenarios, with the largest source of growth coming from the energy sector. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), lithium grows fivefold from today to 2040, while graphite and nickel demand double. Demand for cobalt and rare earth elements also grows strongly, increasing 50-60% by 2040. Copper is the material with the largest established market, and its demand is projected to grow by 30% over the same period. Battery deployment…
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EU Ecodesign Regulation
…guidance, and environmental impact data. The system operates through a data carrier such as a QR code, with tiered access rights for different stakeholders. The DPP requires data accuracy and must remain available throughout the product's expected lifetime, with backup through third-party service providers. The system is designed to enable cross-border trade and ensure interoperability across markets. The regulation requires tracking of material content, documentation of recycled content, and protocols for material recovery, with the first working plan including iron and steel, aluminium, textiles (particularly garments and footwear), furniture (including mattresses), tyres, detergents, paints, lubricants, chemicals, and…
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UK waste classification technical guidance
…through the List of Waste (LoW) codes. Batteries are categorised under multiple codes, with hazardous classifications for lead batteries (16 06 01*), Ni-Cd batteries (16 06 02*), and mercury-containing batteries (16 06 03*), while other batteries, including lithium-ion, would typically fall under 'other batteries and accumulators' (16 06 05). Scrap metals are similarly well-defined, with specific codes for various pure metals (17 04 01-07) including copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, iron and steel, alongside separate classifications for contaminated metal waste (17 04 09*), demonstrating the UK's approach to managing and trading these secondary raw materials.
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Best Available Techniques Reference Documents (BREFs) - IPCC Directive
…safely disposed of, -Energy is used efficiently, -Accidents are prevented and their consequences are limited, -The site is returned to a satisfactory state when the installation closes. This integrated, holistic approach should make sure that all the environmental issues that may be relevant for an installation are considered, that priorities are set appropriately and that the costs and advantages of different options are taken into account. The first set BREFs were adopted by the Commission in December 2001 and covered: Production of Iron and Steel, Ferrous Metals Processing Industry, Non Ferrous Metals Industries, Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industries, Glass Manufactur...
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Free Trade Agreement between Korea and the States of the European Free Trade Association
…most industrial and energy sector products, including: Electric motors, turbines and generators; Mechanical equipment including pumps, appliances, and other advanced machinery; Electric accumulators, transformers, capacitors, batteries; Motor vehicles; Mineral ore, slag and ash; Mineral fuels, oils and other products; Metals and their articles e.g. iron and steel; Semiconductors devices and photovoltaic cells; Rule of origins apply. in order to qualify for the preferential tariff treatment, goods should be wholly obtained tor produced on the territory of one of the Parties, or incorporate non-originating materials which value does not represent more than 40-50 % of their ex-works price.
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EFTA - Colombia Free Trade Agreement
…capacitors, batteries; Motor vehicles; Mineral ore, slag and ash; Mineral fuels, oils and other products; Metals and their articles e.g. iron and steel; Semiconductors devices and photovoltaic cells; Rule of origins apply to qualify for the preferential tariff treatment, notably upon the following conditions: For mineral ores, slag and ash, product includes manufacturing of specific non-originating materials except that of the product For most of the remaining products listed above, product includes i. manufacturing from non-originating materials except the product itself or ii. value of all the manufacturing materials used does not exceed 47-67 % of the ex…
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Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the SADC EPA States
…capacitors, batteries; Motor vehicles; Mineral ore, slag and ash; Mineral fuels, oils and other products; Metals and their articles e.g. iron and steel; Semiconductors devices and photovoltaic cells; The Agreement provides for asymmetric provisions in favour of SADC EPA countries, who can implement bilateral safeguards and increase import duties for certain goods, for which an increase in EU import may threaten to disrupt domestic production. In addition, under the Agreement, the EU grants imports from SADC EPA countries a 5-year renewable exemption from any safeguard measure it may implement. Rules of origin, which dictate that a product may…
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Iran Sanctions
…oil flows into China and the Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum Act (SHIP Act) to impose additional sanctions on port operators, shipowners, and refineries that participate in Iran’s oil trade. In addition to the oil sanctions, on May 8, 2019 the U.S. government through Executive Order 13871 authorized sanctions with respect to Iran's iron, steel, aluminium and copper sectors. The sanctions covers all persons operating, as well as engaging in a significant transaction for the sale, supply or transfer to Iran of significant goods or services used in connection with Iran's iron, steel, aluminium or copper sectors.
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Domestic Emissions Trading Scheme 2005-2007
…between installations subject to this agreement and those covered by the emission trading scheme, notably CO2 emissions from refineries and cement. New installations were covered by the emissions trading scheme and not the 20% GHG emissions reduction agreement. Accordingly, emissions trading applied to CO2 emissions in connection with: - Energy production (Combustion installations above 20 MW), - Mineral oil refineries, - Coke production, - Production and processing of iron and steel, including roasting and sintering of iron ore, - Production of cement, lime, glass, glass fibre and ceramic products. The scheme covered 51 installations, accounting for approximately 10-15% of total GHG emissions. In 2008…