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Policy report
Oct 2025
Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions: Designing for Fairness The Indicators Handbook is based on the voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions, endorsed by G20 leaders in November 2024. The principles, which reflect varying perspectives, contexts and experiences, form a framework for approaching transitions that maximises benefits and mitigates the risk of unintended consequences. Designed as a technical resource, the Indicators Handbook provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on identifying relevant indicators as a first step towards tracking policy design and implementation in line with the G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions. The Handbook…
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Policy
Korea
2025
Supply Chain Stabilization Fund for Core Minerals
Korea's Core Mineral Investment Council, established under the Basic Plan for Supply Chain Stabilization 2024 and the Economic Policy Direction for 2025, announced at its first meeting that the Supply Chain Stabilization Fund will promote joint public-private investments in core minerals at an annual level of KRW 50 billion starting in 2025. The Fund seeks to support continuous and long-term investments based on annual demand to ensure that core mineral investments do not remain short-term.
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Policy
Korea
2021
Carbon Neutrality Vision and Strategy for Industry and Energy
Korea announced its first comprehensive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in the industry and energy sectors, "Carbon Neutrality Vision and Strategy for Industry and Energy". The vision named "Manufacturing Renaissance 2.0" is the No.4 industrial powerhouse to lead a low-carbon economy, with 5 objectives aimed for 2050. 1) Expand share of renewables to 70.8%2) Increase self-sufficiency rate of clean hydrogen to 60%3) Expand share of high value-added, eco-friendly items to 84.1%4) Reduce carbon intensity in the manufacturing industry to 68tCO2eq/KRW billion5) Improve export ranking to 4th.The government…
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Policy
Korea
2012
Five-Year Plan for Green Growth - fuel efficiency standards
Korea Five-Year Plan sets new car CO2 emission standards of 140 gCO2/km equivalent by MY 2015.
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Policy
Korea
2022
Critical Minerals Supply Chain Cooperation MOUs
Korea and Canada signed a series of agreements to expand bilateral critical minerals cooperation and jointly respond to global supply chain crises. Four Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) between Korean and Canadian entities were signed: Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation and Canada’s Department of Natural Resources signed an MOU on data exchange and technological development cooperation; while LG Energy Solution (a Korean company) and three Canadian companies (Avalon, Electra, Snow Lake) signed MOUs on cooperation for supply and processing of critical minerals. Through the MOUs, Korean companies are allowed to establish supply chains across North America for materials…
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Policy
Korea
2021
Rare Metals Supply Plan 2.0
Korea has announced the Rare Metals Supply Plan 2.0, targeting the secure supply of 35 types of rare metals essential for major industries such as batteries, wind and solar power generation. The plan has three main objectives:Ensure security of supply for at least 100 days through acquisitions, stockpiles and recycling (currently at an average of 56.8 days).Acquisition: Strengthen international cooperation and support domestic private companies to expand overseas business for resources.Stockpile: Increase and update stockpiles and reserve systems to be prepared for potential supply crises.Recycle: Promote waste recycling and R&D systems to…
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Policy
Korea
2007
Act on Prevention of Divulgence and Protection of Industrial Technology
Korea's Act on Prevention of Divulgence and Protection of Industrial Technology establishes an approval process for foreign direct investment (FDI) involving the following technologies: Semi-conductor technologiesMedium to large-size lithium-ion battery manufacturing technologiesHybrid and electric vehicle manufacturing technologiesHydrogen vehicle fuel cell technologiesDiesel-engine technologies per Euro 6 and higher regulationsHigh-quality steel manufacturing technologiesNuclear generation technologiesHydrogen fuel cell (for generation) technologiesThe Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) is in charge of granting FDI approval, and has authority to restrict the transfer of domestic technologies.
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Policy
Korea
2015
First Basic Plan for 2015-2024 - Domestic Emission Trading Scheme
Korea introduced in 2015 its national emissions trading scheme. In a first phase, the power market will conduct a demonstration project, based on the baseline matrix scheme, and in the next phase other industries like refinery, petrochemical, and steel by electric furnace will constitute a new carbon market. In the last phase, a general emission trading market will be established where the government itself participate as a buyer to absorb the credit offered by the renewable energy and ESCO (energy service company) projects.
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Policy
Korea
2022
Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Act for the Climate Change
Korea passed the Carbon Neutrality Bill (“Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Act for the Climate Change”) in August 2021 becoming the 14th nation to commit to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and legislated it on 24th September 2021. The law will enter into force on 25th March 2022.
It requires the government to cut its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by 35% or more from the 2018 levels and consists of several policy measures to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. -
Country
Mexico
Mexico’s energy and economic profile presents both challenges and opportunities as a major oil producer, exporter and through its growing domestic energy demand. Mexico was the first large oil producing emerging economy to adopt climate legislation in 2012 and has seen growth in renewable electricity generation from wind and solar, which almost tripled from 2015 to 2022. However, strong action is needed across all sectors to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and bring down greenhouse gas emissions.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages