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Second NDC of Belarus
Belarus aims to reduce its GHG emissions by at least 42% below 1990 levels by 2035, and up to 47% conditional on the provision of international support.
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First NDC of Belarus
Belarus aims to reduce its GHG emissions by at least 28% below 1990 levels by 2030.
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Botswana
Coal production is set to increase in Botswana, but exports remain limited and mainly involve trade with neighbouring countries. Regarding electrification rates, the country has recently made good progress through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Energy efficiency and fuel switching regulations
…to have large impacts on MEPS compliance out to 2030. Other notable delays or decreases in stringency included revisions to the United Kingdom’s plans to phase out new gas boiler installations, Canada pausing its 2026 zero emissions vehicle mandate to give the automotive industry additional time to prepare, and the Eurasian Economic Union (comprising Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation) delaying the implementation of MEPS for energy-consuming devices and industrial motors from 2025 to 2028. Rolling back minimum performance standards does not cause an immediate drop in efficiency, but over time it can shift the types of appliances…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport in Armenia
…now privately owned. Foreign capital investment began in the early 2000s and has been an important contributor to economic growth. In 2024, gross domestic product (GDP) stood at USD 25.8 billion.Armenia became a member of the European Union’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 and has been an observer to the EU Energy Community since 2011. Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in January 2015 alongside Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) (Kyrgyzstan followed in August), and in March 2021, Armenia and the European Union signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which established framework…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Anatomy of a natural gas crisis
…invasion of Ukraine), the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) attempted to impose a rouble payment system on EU buyers for existing contracts. This action led to unilateral cuts in exports and Russian sanctions on certain buyers as EU member states contested the legality of the move.Furthermore, by October 2022 only three pipeline routes connecting Russia to Europe (the Ukrainian transit route, Blue Stream and TurkStream) remained functional after Russia’s decision to cease transit through the historic Yamal-Europe pipeline (May 2022) – through Belarus and into Poland – and the still unelucidated acts of sabotage on the Nord Stream and Nor...
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Armenia
Imports of oil and gas cover 77% of Armenia’s energy needs. Current energy policy is focused on developing indigenous energy sources, mainly renewable, and on replacing the country’s main nuclear reactor. Energy Efficiency policy has also become a bigger priority as energy security and reliability remain key focus areas. Armenia is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Serbia
In Serbia, the National Renewable Energy Action Plan set targets of renewable energy sources use until 2020, as well as the pathway to achieve them. Among other things, it enhances investments towards the development of renewables.
Data for Serbia includes Montenegro until 2004.- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Latvia
Latvia is undertaking its energy transition with some promising results to date, with the goal to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions (without land use, land-use change and forestry) by 65% from 1990 levels by 2030 and to achieve net zero by 2050. It has made inroads on the share of renewable energy in its fuel mix, with sizeable shares of bioenergy and hydropower.
Renewable energy sources dominate its electricity mix, in particular, accounting for around three-quarters of domestic generation. Other sectors, notably transport and buildings, continue to consume large amounts of energy and rely on dated infrastructure that…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Ukraine
Ukraine is a key country for European and global energy security. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed it to fundamentally reshape its past dependence on energy imports from Russia.
As the invasion continues, Ukraine is focused on tracking large-scale energy supply disruptions and actively working to recover power and heating for civilians. It is also putting together an ambitious recovery and reconstruction plan, with a strong focus on energy security. In the medium-term, Ukraine’s energy strategy remains focused on European integration, while it aims to an energy system that is ready for a Net Zero future…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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