• Country

        Bosnia and Herzegovina

        Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a National Environmental Action Plan, which provides action path to address the major environmental issues of the country. In the energy sector the target will be achieved by increasing energy efficiency and usage of renewables (hydro, solar, wind and geothermal energy).

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        • Country

        Kazakhstan

        Kazakhstan is a significant producer of coal, crude oil and natural gas, and a major energy exporter. While coal dominates the country’s energy mix, renewable sources of energy are a small but growing share of Kazakhstan’s electricity generation. Gas pipeline network expansion remains a priority, in order to expand access and reduce reliance on coal and LPG for household consumption. Kazakhstan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.

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        • Energy system

        Coal

        Global coal demand to remain on a plateau in 2025 and 2026
        Despite unusual trends across several major markets in the first half of 2025, global coal demand is likely to remain broadly unchanged to 2027 as underlying structural drivers of the world’s coal use remain stable.
        Global coal demand increased to a new all-time high in 2024 of around 8.8 billion tonnes, up 1.5% from 2023, as rising consumption in China, India, Indonesia and other emerging economies more than offset declines in advanced economies in Europe, North America and northeast Asia. However, several of those…

        Coal Jpg

        • Country

        Greece

        Greece is making progress on its energy transition, including implementing reforms to standardise and simplify licensing procedures for renewable projects and investigating options for offshore wind. Coal fired generation, once the main source of electricity, will be phased out by 2028 at the latest and EUR 5 billion has been committed to assist impacted communities. Auctions are driving strong deployment of solar PV, onshore wind and battery storage. There are also projects for interconnections and renewables to decarbonise electricity on Greek islands. However, more effort is needed boost electrification and improve efficiency in transport and buildings.

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        • Country

        Moldova

        Moldova is almost fully dependent on fossil fuel and electricity imports, with natural gas serving most of its energy needs. The government plans to diversify the energy mix with renewables such as wind and solar. Moldova is part of the EU4Energy Programme, which focuses on improving evidence-based policy making for the energy sector.

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        • Country

        United Arab Emirates

        The majority of the energy produced in the United Arab Emirates is from natural gas and oil. The country is also a major exporter of oil and gas and it started using its strong solar PV potential in 2014 to produce electricity.

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        • Country

        Estonia

        Estonia has achieved a notable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions thanks mainly to lowering its reliance on electricity generation from domestic oil shale, an energy rich sedimentary rock. However, oil shale remains the main energy source and imported fossil fuels still plan a major role, especially in transport. Estonia’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. Estonia is aiming to accelerate its clean energy transition with a target to cover 100% of annual electricity demand with renewables by 2030 as part of a larger package to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. It…

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        • Policy

        • Colombia

        • 2022

        Regulation to reduce methane emissions in the hydrocarbon sector

        Colombia signs regulation to reduce methane emissions in the hydrocarbon sector. Resolution 40066 of February 11, 2022 establishes the technical requirements for natural gas consumption, and seeks to reduce the waste of natural gas to reduce GHG emissions. The Colombian mining and energy sector has set the goal of reducing its emissions by 11.2 million tons of CO2 equivalent by 2030, and with the signing of this Resolution it seeks to contribute to this goal with approximately 2.7 million tons of CO2 equivalent.For the implementation of this resolution, the National Hydrocarbons Agency (ANH) is entitled to publish…

        • Policy

        • Colombia

        • 1994

        Solidarity Fund for Subsidies and Income Redistribution

        Colombia's Solidarity Fund for Subsidies and Income Redistribution (FSSRI) provides financial support for low-income families to access residential public electricity service in the country.

        • Policy

        • Colombia

        • 2000

        Fund for the Electrification of Non-Interconnected Areas

        Colombia's Fund for the Electrification of Non-Interconnected Areas (FAZNI) allocates financial support for the construction or replacement of electrical infrastructure in remote zones that are not connected to the country's electrical grid. 

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