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Contributor
Betty Cherwon
Ambassador, Kenya. Ambassador Betty Cherwon, MBS, ‘ndc’(K) is a long serving Foreign Service Officer at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of the Republic of Kenya. She is a seasoned diplomat who joined the Ministry in 1996 and has served in various capacities in the Ministry and its Missions in Berlin, Cairo and London. Prior to her appointment as Kenya’s Ambassador to France with accreditation to Portugal, Serbia, Monaco and the Holy See, Ambassador Cherwon was the Chief of Protocol at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs of the Republic of Kenya, a post she held from 2020 to 2023. Ambassador Cherwon has a cross-section of expertise and skills acquired for almost 20 years in the fields of Public Policy, Strategic Planning, Protocol, Negotiation, Political Analysis and Diplomatic Etiquette. Ambassador Cherwon has an MA in International Studies from the University of Nairobi. She holds a BA in Education from Kenyatta University and a Postgraduate Diploma in Diplomacy ...
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Policy
Czech Republic
2025
Action Plan to Support the Development of Biomethane Use
The Action Plan builds on the amendment to the Act on Supported Energy Sources. It introduces operational support for biomethane production, investment incentives, and measures to increase demand; support for injection into the gas grid; the development of infrastructure for bioCNG and bioLNG; the introduction of a system of guarantees of origin and sustainability certification; and subsidy programs for vehicle purchases. Suppliers of gaseous fuels will now be required to ensure a minimum share of biomethane and other renewable fuels in transportation—1.25% starting in 2026, rising to 5.5% by 2030. At least 1% of this must consist…
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Policy
Portugal
2022
Liquidity support for manufacturing companies
As part of its April 2022 package ("New measures to contain the rise in energy and agri-food prices") enacted in response to the energy price crisis, the Portuguese government set up a financing facility to cover companies' liquidity issues and production cost increase from March to December 2022.
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Policy
Thailand
2000
Fuel Trade Act, B.E. 2543
The Fuel Trade Act, B.E.2543 requires all refiners, importers, and retailers in private sector to have oil stockpiles. Private sector parties are not allowed to use their oil stocks at their discretion without governmental permission even if their oil stockpile levels exceed minimum requirement. Those volumes shall not be less than the rate prescribed by the Director-General, but not be in excess of 30% of the annual trade volume.
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Policy
Australia
2016
(Tasmania) Mineral Resources Regulations 2016
Outlines the schedule for royalties on the amount of coal seam gas and petroleum products produced at the well-head as well as record keeping and reporting on quantity, quality, sales and profit information for the regulated resource. For each $100 of the gross value of coal seam gas at the well head and petroleum at the well head, the royalty is AUD $12.00.
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Policy
India
2022
Government compensation to oil marketing companies
The Indian Union cabinet approved a one-time compensation to public sector oil marketing companies (OMCs) for the losses incurred in selling LPG for cooking below cost. Between June 2020 and June 2022, international prices of LPG rose by around 300% but domestic LPG price rise was limited by the OMCs to 72% to shield consumers from price fluctuations. The compensation was split among three public sector undertaking OMCs - Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL) and Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Ltd (HPCL).
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Policy
United Kingdom
2022
[2nd Package] Spring Statement 2022: Measures supporting households
In March 2022, the UK government implemented a series of additional measures meant to cushion domestic consumers from the effects of the global energy crisis, notably a temporary 12-month cut to duty on petrol and diesel of GBP 0.05 per litre, an extension of the VAT relief available for the installation of energy saving materials (ESMs), and an increase to the Household Support Fund.
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Policy
Australia
2008
National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008
This determination is made under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007. It provides for the measurement of scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions arising from the operation of facilities as well as the production and consumption of energy arising from the operation of facilities. Therefore, it sets applicable methodologies and principles. Part 1.3, concerning Method 4, covers the direct measurement of emissions, including methane emissions. It outlines pertaining formulas, sampling methods and standards for the different types of equipment associated with continuous or periodic emissions monitoring. These include thresholds for energy use or processing capacity that…
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Policy
Portugal
2023
2023 Energy affordability support package for businesses
The Portuguese government implemented a new round of measures to limit the impact of the global energy crisis on domestic businesses in 2023. These include : Extraordinary regulations and compensation measures to limit electricity prices rise; andExtraordinary subsidies to industrial companies, meant to limit natural gas price increase. The support is to be managed by the regulating entity ERSE, and will be distributed based on 80% of each company's average consumption in recent years..
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Policy
India
2024
SIGHT Scheme - Component II Mode I Tranche II
India awarded INR 22.4 billion (USD 260 million) in the second round of its green hydrogen subsidy scheme, launched in July 2024 for 450 ktpa with the same incentive structure as the first round—starting at USD 0.6/kg H₂ and decreasing to USD 0.36/kg H₂ over three years. Fourteen companies submitted bids totaling 622.5 ktpa, and ten were selected in January 2025, with four receiving the maximum 90 ktpa. Notably, Oriana Power bid for an average incentive of just USD 0.0001/kg, and all companies requested the lowest possible first-year subsidy. Biomass…