IEA
      • About
      • News
      • Events
      • Programmes
      • Help centre
      IEASkip navigation
          • Energy system Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector
            Oil and natural gas supply

            Fossil Fuels

            Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant

            Renewables and Low-Emissions Fuels

            Transport

            Transport

            Tracking industry

            Industry

            Tracking buildings

            Buildings

            Explore all
          • Topics Chevron down
            Understand the biggest energy challenges
            Iran tmo 2008052 lrg, NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response team

            The Middle East and Global Energy Markets

            Electricity security report cover

            Energy Security

            Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390

            Artificial Intelligence

            Critical Mineral Topic Page Header Image

            Critical Minerals

            Access and Affordability

            Pexels Googledeepmind 17485658

            Energy Innovation

            Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground

            Investment

            Climate Change

            Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash

            Energy and Gender

            Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine

            Russia's War on Ukraine

            • Investment
            • Climate Change
            • Energy and Gender
            • Russia's War on Ukraine
            • Energy and Water
            • Fossil Fuel Subsidies
            • Net Zero Emissions
            • Saving Energy
            • COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
            All topics
          • Countries Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by country or region
            Member countries
            • Australia
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Canada
            • Czechia
            • Denmark
            • Estonia
            • Finland
            • France
            • Germany
            • Greece
            • Hungary
            • Ireland
            • Italy
            • Japan
            • Korea
            • Latvia
            • Lithuania
            • Luxembourg
            • Mexico
            • New Zealand
            • Norway
            • Poland
            • Portugal
            • Slovak Republic
            • Spain
            • Sweden
            • Switzerland
            • The Netherlands
            • Türkiye
            • United Kingdom
            • United States
            Accession countries
            • Brazil
            • Chile
            • Colombia
            • Costa Rica
            • Israel
            • Romania
            Association countries
            • Argentina
            • China
            • Egypt
            • India
            • Indonesia
            • Kenya
            • Morocco
            • Nigeria
            • Senegal
            • Singapore
            • South Africa
            • Thailand
            • Ukraine
            • Viet Nam
            All Countries and Regions
          • DataChevron down
            Use, download and buy global energy data

            Data explorers

            Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers

            Data explorers

            Data sets

            Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download

            Data sets

            Policies database

            Past, existing or planned government policies and measures

            Policies database

            Chart Library

            Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis

            Chart
            Explore data
          • Reports Chevron down
            Read the latest analysis from the IEA
            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

              Fuel report — 17 June 2026

              Oil Market Report - June
            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

              Measures to reduce impacts on households and businesses

              Fuel report — 20 March 2026

              Photo depicts Aerial view of heavy traffic on a motorway in Perth, Australia, with a train running along the parallel railway line, several lanes congested with vehicles
            • GettyImages 2157213934

              World Energy Outlook 2025

              Read more

              Flagship report — 12 November 2025

            • The photo depicts a 3d rendered particle trail background. Magic sparkle trail effect. Shimmering waves with light effect isolated on black background. Lines swirl effect. Abstract motion.

              Energy Technology Perspectives 2026

              Read more

              Flagship report — 26 March 2026

            All reports
          • Search
          • Bag
            1
          • User Profile

          Sign In

          You are connecting via IP recognition from
          .

          If you wish to proceed, click on Connect.
          If you prefer to log into your personal account, please sign in below.

          ConnectConnect
          OR
          Error
          Eye
          Error
          Create an account

          Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.

          Join for freeJoin for free
              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
              Authors Countries Energy system Newsletters Policies Programmes Sectors Topics
                • Policy

                • Australia

                • 2024

                Queensland Government Gas Supply and Other Legislation (Hydrogen Industry Development) Amendment Bill 2023

                The new legislation formally commenced on 4 April 2024. and will regulate the construction, operation and safety management of hydrogen projects and hydrogen gas pipelines.
                The Act amends existing legislation to provide a clear approvals pathway for hydrogen and other prescribed substance pipelines. This complements national changes that came into effect on 7 March 2024 through the Statutes Amendment (National Energy Laws) (Other Gases) Act 2023 mentioned above in this list.

                • Policy

                • Greece

                • 2021

                September 2021 - February 2022 National measures against soaring energy prices

                …and natural gas subsidies for all households and businesses. These initial measures were extended and their level increased until February included, when they consisted of:-electricity subsidies for all households, set up at EUR 150/MWh (share of monthly consumption under the 150 kWh threshold), and EUR 110/MWh (151 -300 kWh monthly consumption) . Households benefitting from the Social Tariff are eligible to a EUR 170/MWh monthly support for 300 kWh;-electricity subsidy for all businesses, set at EUR 65/MWh. In addition, some connexion fees (YKO) are suspended from Novermber 2021 to March 2022; -natural gas subsidies for…

                • Policy

                • Czech Republic

                • 2025

                Guarantees of Origin (GOs) for hydrogen produced

                The Guarantees of Origin (GOs) for hydrogen produced in the Czech Republic, delivered to the transmission or distribution system, or to a filling station during one calendar month. Each GO represents 1 MWh of delivered hydrogen, valid for one year from the end date of production. The goals include ensuring accurate measurement and calculation of produced hydrogen, facilitating international transactions through the Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB), and maintaining sustainability criteria. Quantitative targets involve issuing GOs for a minimum of 1 MWh and enabling transfers within the Czech Republic and AIB member states.

                • Policy

                • Italy

                • 2014

                Obligation for biofuel release for consumption

                In Italy, in line with European directives, the obligation has been introduced for suppliers of petrol and diesel to release biofuels for consumption, in order to develop the supply chain and reduce emissions into the atmosphere from the transport sector. The obligation is based on a quota system defined and updated by the Ministerial Decree of 10 October 2014 and subsequent amendments and additions. The minimum annual quantity of biofuels that the obliged entities must release for consumption is calculated on the basis of the energy content of petrol and diesel released for consumption in the same year. Lastly, the…

                • Policy

                • Ireland

                • 2026

                Economic Assessment of Green Energy Park Concepts (EAGEPC).

                The assessment report, published in January 2026, finds that data centres are expected to be the major LEU tenant initially in any future Green Energy Park development, in addition to other industrial demand sectors such as Pharma, Food & Nutrition, Material/Chemical Production, Tech Manufacturing and Distilleries. Initial economic analysis undertaken in 2024/2025 suggests that a substantial gross value add and jobs boost can be expected from both the development and fully operational phases of a Green Energy Park. This economic analysis indicates that the development of a hypothetical GEP scenario could add as much as €3,069M gross…

                • Policy

                • Korea

                • 1970

                PETROLEUM AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL BUSINESS ACT

                The purpose of this Act is to ensure the stability of supply and demand and prices of petroleum and securing the appropriate quality of petroleum products and alternative fuels. Obligations to stock oil stands for refineries, exporters, importers and retailers.

                • Policy

                • Azerbaijan

                • 2025

                National Hydrogen Strategic Outlook

                Initial scoping document identifying the potential for hydrogen in a low-emissions future. The document covers scenarios and defines some broad areas for action, but it does not define quantitative targets, responsible, KPIs or timeline for the actions which are expected from a full strategy. The country currently produces about 240 ktpa of hydrogen for methanol (50%), urea (33%) and refining. Scenarios to 2050 foresee growth to 520 ktpa and 1.2 Mtpa by 2050 (Balanced and Accelerated scenario respectively) with 60-85% for exports. This would require 9-17.5 GW of renewables, out of which almost two thirds…

                • Policy

                • Portugal

                • 2022

                March 2022 New measures to offset rising energy prices

                In March 2022, the Portuguese government enacted the following measures to tackle soaring energy prices:Maintain, until June 30, 2022, the Tax on Petroleum Products (ISP) refund mechanism of the value of the increase in VAT revenue resulting from the increase in fuel price.Maintain, until the end of June 2022, the suspension of the increase in the carbon tax.Increase, during the month of March, the value of the AUTOvoucher from EUR 5 to EUR 20 per beneficiary.Increase subsidies to public transport sector.Allocated EUR 150 million from the Environmental Fund into the national electricity system to lower…

                • Policy

                • Slovak Republic

                • 2011

                Amendment to the Act on the promotion of renewable energy sources and high-efficiency cogeneration (Act 492/2010)

                The Act 492/2010 first modifies the excise tax framework on mineral oil to give priority to a mixture of mineral oil (motor gasoline and diesel) and biogenic substance. Second, the Act promotes renewable transport fuel by extending the scope of rights and obligations of renewable fuels producers and implementing generation targets for biofuel out of total consumption by 2020. Market players are expected to report on compliance to targeted shares of renewable fuels.

                • Policy

                • Mexico

                • 2018

                Public Policy on Natural Gas Storage

                The Public Policy on Natural Gas Storage establishes the obligation to create a minimum of 5 days of strategic natural gas inventory (45 trillion cubic feet) by 2026.

              Previous page Prev
              Next Next page

              Newsletters

              The best of the IEA sent straight to your inbox

              Subscribe to newsletters

              Podcasts

              Top energy experts put IEA analysis in context

              Listen to our podcast
              • Understand energy
              • Reports
              • News and commentaries
              • Events
              • Energy system
              • Topics
              • Countries and regions
              • Glossary
              • Explore data
              • Data explorers
              • Data sets
              • Policies database
              • Chart library
              • Energy Statistics Browser
              • IEA essentials
              • About
              • Mission
              • Membership
              • Structure
              • Programmes
              • International collaborations
              • Technology collaboration
              • Training
              • Connect
              • Contact
              • Press
              • Careers
              • Internships
              • Delegates
              • Help centre
              IEA
              © 2026 IEA
              • Terms
              • Privacy
              • youtube
              • linkedin
              • bluesky
              • facebook
              • instagram
              • x (formally twitter)
              Back to top

              Subscription successful

              Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.