• Country

        Kenya

        Access to electricity has increased dramatically in Kenya over the past 20 years, reaching almost 3/4 of the population today. The Last Mile Connectivity Project of the Rural Electrification Authority aims to deliver universal access by 2022.

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        • Country

        Turkmenistan

        Turkmenistan’s government is continuously investing in oil and gas, to modernise and expand the electricity and heat sector by 2020. Moreover, the energy sector is almost fully subsidised, with citizens receiving free electricity, heat and gas up to a certain level of consumption, until 2030, but the government is taking steps to reduce subsidies to curb domestic demand and increase exports. Turkmenistan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.

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        • Country report

        • Nov 2025

        Czechia 2025

        Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…

        Aerial view of Ceske Budejovice historic center and Old Town Square Czechia shutterstock 2339774535

        • Country

        Latvia

        Latvia is undertaking its energy transition with some promising results to date, with the goal to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions (without land use, land-use change and forestry) by 65% from 1990 levels by 2030 and to achieve net zero by 2050. It has made inroads on the share of renewable energy in its fuel mix, with sizeable shares of bioenergy and hydropower.
        Renewable energy sources dominate its electricity mix, in particular, accounting for around three-quarters of domestic generation. Other sectors, notably transport and buildings, continue to consume large amounts of energy and rely on dated infrastructure that…

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        • Country

        Pakistan

        In Pakistan, most of the primary energy supply comes from oil and natural gas. Hydropower is the main renewable source of energy in the country but wind and solar PV’s shares are slowly growing. More than 40 million people remain without access to electricity and half the population lack access to clean cooking facilities.

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        • Country

        Kazakhstan

        Kazakhstan is a significant producer of coal, crude oil and natural gas, and a major energy exporter. While coal dominates the country’s energy mix, renewable sources of energy are a small but growing share of Kazakhstan’s electricity generation. Gas pipeline network expansion remains a priority, in order to expand access and reduce reliance on coal and LPG for household consumption. Kazakhstan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.

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        • Country

        Albania

        Albania’s Ministry of Energy recently launched an auction round for the construction of the country’s first large-scale solar plant. The country also has a National Strategy of Energy, which aims to develop an effective energy sector that guarantees security of energy supply and efficient use of energy.

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        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 2024

        Built environment appliances energy efficiency

        The Government of Netherlands is subsidising energy efficiency retrofit, including insulation works, the installation of solar boilers, heat pumps and electric cooking installations.

        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 2021

        Agreement on clean heavy-duty vehicles

        On the initiative of the Netherlands at COP26 , fifteen countries and several transport companies signed an agreement that aims for all new heavy-duty vehicles (e.g. trucks) and buses to be emission-free from 2040 to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050. Further, by 2030, 30% of all newly sold trucks and buses must not emit CO2, and by 2050 all CO2-emitting trucks and buses must not be in operation.  The agreement has been signed by 15 countries including: Austria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Uruguay and Wales, Austria, Canada, Chile…

        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 2021

        EUR 500 million investment in nuclear

        The government of the Netherlands plans to “keep the nuclear power plant in Borssele open for longer, with an eye on safety”, investing EUR 500 million towards nuclear power. According to the new government's coalition agreement, a EUR 35 billion Climate and Transition Fund will be directed to building infrastructure for power, heat, and hydrogen, including new nuclear plants.

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