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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Key findings
…of tighter regulations and structural changes in production. Globally, improvements in upstream emissions intensity for oil and natural gas have offset rising output. Tackling methane and flaring delivers energy security benefits The ongoing crisis in the Middle East is reshaping the global energy system and disrupting around 20% of global liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade flows (around 110 bcm of gas passed through the Strait of Hormuz in 2025). As countries seek alternative sources of gas to replace lost volumes, it is worth noting that large quantities of produced gas are not being put to productive use, owing to methane leaks…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance What is transition finance?
…mechanisms in place to enable tracking and follow-up.Transition finance complements the role of green finance, which has grown rapidly in recent years, but which cannot deliver all aspects of energy system transformation, especially in hard-to-abate sectors and in EMDE.For the moment, the volume of finance that can be labelled as transition finance is low, but International Energy Agency (IEA) scenarios provide some indicative guidance of the potential volume of investments that could be covered. Over the next decade, the amount of investment that can be supported by transition finance is approximately USD 5 trillion of cumulative investment…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Current Policies Scenario (CPS)
…amid turmoil in energy markets and rapid changes in the policy landscape during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now that the world has passed through the pandemic and the global energy crisis triggered at the outset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, there is merit in revisiting the CPS. The scenario relies only on measures that are formally written into existing legislation and regulation, and which does not consider any additional changes to policy, even where governments have announced an intention to enact them.The CPS is not a forecast or a prediction of the way the energy system will unfold…
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The IEA Regional Cooperation Centre in Singapore Structure
The IEA Regional Cooperation Centre in Singapore is a milestone in the International Energy Agency’s global engagement. Inaugurated during the IEA’s 50th anniversary year, it is the Agency’s first office outside its Paris headquarters, reflecting Southeast Asia’s growing role in the global energy landscape and the IEA’s commitment to supporting energy security in the region.Southeast Asia is one of the world’s fastest-growing economic regions where energy demand is a...
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Global Energy and Climate Model Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
…use. It is not possible to know exactly how net zero pledges will be implemented, but the design of the APS, particularly with respect to the details of the energy system pathway, has been informed by the pathways that a number of national bodies have developed to support net zero pledges.For countries that have not yet made a net zero pledge, policies are assumed to be the same as in the STEPS, though they benefit in the APS from the accelerated cost reductions and wider availability of clean energy technologies. Non-policy assumptions, including population and economic growth, are…
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Austria 2026 Executive summary
…EU) – and a 100% renewable share in the national annual electricity balance by 2030 are bold. These goals are underpinned by a large hydropower fleet (accounting for around 60% of electricity generation), including 5.6 gigawatts (GW) of pumped hydro storage and a nationwide smart meter roll-out. Austria has the highest share of renewable energy in electricity consumption in the European Union and is the first European country to develop a pioneering approach to integrated energy system planning. However, the gap between ambition and delivery is widening. While economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have fallen by 16% since 1990…
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Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
…increases the vulnerability of the energy system. Addressing these challenges will require long-term, system-wide planning to guide investment across electricity, heating, hydrogen and digitalisation, alongside stronger communication and public engagement to boost uptake in clean energy choices. At the same time, Luxembourg’s small size and close integration with (neighbouring) European markets offer significant opportunities for regional co‑operation on cross-border electricity and hydrogen infrastructure.Luxembourg’s buildings sector trails other sectors in emissions reductions and would benefit from more targeted regulatory and financial levers to support the low‑carbon transition. Despite strong energy performance standards for new construction…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
…coherent, rigorous, data-driven framework for assessing how the energy sector might evolve, to better inform the important decisions that are being taken today.The methodology for the STEPS has been consistent over time, but the modelling approaches have evolved across successive iterations of the scenario. Among other things, there has been a concerted effort to develop insights into energy supply chains, including those for critical minerals. Work on electricity has been underpinned by granular hourly modelling of the operation of power systems, and by detailed consideration of new sources of demand such as data centres and artificial intelligence (AI)…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Understanding GEC Model scenarios
…and the levers and actions that produce them, and to gain insights into the future of global energy.The Current Policies Scenario (CPS) and the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) are exploratory, in that they define a set of starting conditions, such as policies and targets, and see where they lead based on model representations of energy systems that reflect market dynamics and technological progress.In addition, we include three scenarios that have normative elements relating to energy access or the achievement of various goals related to emissions. This means that these scenarios work toward a defined outcome and map out…
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World Energy Employment 2025 Executive summary
…other energy end-uses rose by 2%, with electrification in buildings and industry contributing to a sizeable portion of the increase. In both vehicles and efficiency employment, part of this growth is met by workers in related segments retraining and shifting roles – such as heating technicians learning to install heat pumps or auto workers moving to EV assembly lines – but it also reflects the creation of new jobs in areas like manufacturing batteries and installing electric industrial equipment.Demand for workers is increasing across all parts of the energy system, not just electricity, as the world remains thirsty for energy…
