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Gas 2025
…price-sensitive import markets. However, to account for these shifts, LNG producers and suppliers may need to adapt their medium-term strategies.The Gas 2025 medium-term report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) examines this coming transformation and its consequences, offering a comprehensive overview of potential supply, demand and trade trends in global natural gas markets for the coming years. It provides a thorough review of recent market developments ahead of the 2025-26 winter season in the Northern Hemisphere – and includes forecasts for how supply and demand could evolve to 2030.The report also includes the IEA’s…
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Graphite
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy transition minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both clean energy applications and other uses, focusing on the three IEA Scenarios – the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply…
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Energy Use in the New Millennium
…Looking back, it shows how changes in energy efficiency, economic structure, income, prices and fuel mix have affected recent trends in energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries. The results are a wake-up call for us all. Since 1990, the rate of energy efficiency improvement in IEA countries has been less than 1% per year – much lower than in previous decades and not nearly enough to stem the growth of CO2 emissions. If we are to tackle climate change and move towards a sustainable energy future then this rate will need to double. We must – and we can…
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Oil Market Report - May 2023
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights World oil demand is forecast to rise by 2.2 mb/d year-on-year in 2023 to an average 102 mb/d, 200 kb/d above last month’s Report. China’s demand recovery continues to surpass expectations, with the country setting an all-time…
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Oil Market Report - March 2024
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand is forecast to rise by a higher-than-expected 1.7 mb/d in 1Q24 on an improved outlook for the United States and increased bunkering. While 2024 growth has been revised up by 110 kb/d from last month’s Report, the…
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Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report, 2020
Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report monitors global, regional and country progress on the three targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7: access to energy and clean cooking, renewable energy, and energy efficiency. It identifies priorities for action and best practices that have proven successful in helping policy makers and development partners understand what is needed to overcome challenges. The report is produced by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). The 2020 edition was chaired by IRENA.
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The Need for Net Zero Demonstration Projects
…for net zero demonstration projects In its landmark report last year, Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector, the IEA stated that “international programmes to fund demonstration projects, especially in sectors where technologies are large and complex, would accelerate the innovation process”. The IEA estimates that at least USD 90 billion of public funding needs to be raised by 2026 to complete a portfolio of demonstration projects for technologies that could be commercially ready by 2030 and contribute to achieving net zero emissions by mid-century. This note explains the key considerations and technological fundamentals underpinning…
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Coal 2023
Analysis and forecast to 2026 The global coal market has experienced a turbulent three years. Demand dropped sharply during the Covid pandemic, only to leap during the post-Covid rebound and following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. In 2022, global coal demand reached its highest level ever. Today, coal remains the largest energy source for electricity generation, steelmaking and cement production – maintaining a central role in the world economy. At the same time, coal is the largest source of man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and curbing consumption is essential to meeting international climate targets.A historic turning point could…
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Copper
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy transition minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both clean energy applications and other uses, focusing on the three IEA Scenarios – the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply…
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Oil Market Report - July 2025
…IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights World oil demand growth is forecast to increase by 700 kb/d in 2025, its lowest rate since 2009, with the exception of the 2020 Covid year. Annual growth eased from 1.1 mb/d in 1Q25 to just 550 kb/d in 2Q25, with emerging market consumption particularly lacklustre. Global oil demand is projected to expand by 720 kb/d to reach 104.4 mb/d in 2026.Global oil supply increased by a steep 950 kb/d m-o-m to 105.6 mb/d in June, led by Saudi Arabia…
