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Energy system
Road
More stringent and broader coverage of fuel efficiency standards for light-duty vehicles is needed
For cars and vans, increasing fuel efficiency standards is important as even in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, nearly 80% of cars and vans on the road in 2030 are still powered with internal combustion engines. Sales of heavier, less efficient SUVs reached around 46% of global sales in 2022, while electric vehicles were just 14% of sales. More and more countries are formulating vehicle efficiency standards and some are even putting in place zero-emission vehicle sales requirements. To be in line…
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Country report
Sep 2023
Financing Clean Energy in Africa Clean energy investment landscape: setting the scene
…climate-related goals, including universal energy access and its NDCs.Realising the SAS requires mobilising over USD 200 billion annually by 2030, but energy investment has been declining in Africa and in 2022 was under USD 90 billion. Clean energy spending was a fraction of this at around USD 25 billion – only 2% of the global total despite the recent rise in global clean energy investment. This is far from what is required to meet the growing energy needs of 20% of the global population. Under current financing norms, project developers often struggle to access adequate capital and capital providers to identify investable assets. Resolving this…
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Policy
Costa Rica
2025
Rural Electrification Program
The Government of Costa Rica introduced the Rural Electrification Programme in 2024 to improve electricity access and affordability in underserved regions. The initiative includes public investment of approximately CRC 900 million by the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) and the Rural Development Institute (INDER) to extend electricity infrastructure and connect previously unserved households, particularly in rural communities in southern Costa Rica.
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Statistics report
Sep 2025
Cost of Capital Observatory Dashboard
Overview The dashboard is a free resource that provides data on the cost of capital focused on clean energy projects in emerging and developing economies. It also provides information of the main underlying risks perceived by investors and financiers in each country as well as case studies. We hope these resources will help drive policy changes that can lower financing costs in the parts of the world that most need it. For additional information on how to estimate the cost of capital, this IEA article highlights the importance of financing costs in the energy transition, defines what financing costs are (also commonly…
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Country
Burkina Faso
…s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes, with oil products accounting for one-third of the total energy supply. In 2020, 11% of the population had access to clean cooking and only 21% had access to electricity, making Burkina Faso one of the world’s least-electrified countries. For electricity, the country has a target of 95% access for urban areas and 50% for rural areas by 2030. For clean cooking, Burkina Faso has a universal access target for urban areas and 65% in rural areas by 2030. The target for LPG urban penetration is 68% by 2030.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Country
Mali
In recent years, the rate of access to electricity in Mali has surpassed 25%, thanks to a public focus on mini-grid solutions. The government of Mali now plans to increase hybridisation of its mini-grids by adding PV capacity to diesel power plants. In 2019, Mali’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (65%) and oil products (32%), with coal and hydro accounting for the rest. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 52% had access to electricity. For electricity access, the country targets 70% access by 2025, 80% by…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Policy report
Jun 2026
Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business
Energy efficiency is often described as the “first fuel” because the cheapest and most secure energy is the energy that is not used. For businesses, this begins with a straightforward benefit: lower energy bills. In many cases, efficiency investments can pay back quickly through reduced energy costs alone. However, the value of energy efficiency extends beyond energy savings.This report builds on the IEA’s work on the multiple benefits of energy efficiency and focusses on how these gains materialise in businesses. Key benefits range from productivity and product quality improvements to brand image or health benefits for employees and…
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Policy
Ethiopia
2019
National Electrification Program 2.0 (NEP 2.0)
…like the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (6,000 MW) and the Koysha Hydro Power Plant (2,160 MW). While generation is shifting toward private Independent Power Producers for solar and wind, the government continues to play a central role in financing and off-taker functions. Finally, the NEP 2.0 integrates clean cooking access by supporting the National Improved Cookstove Program, which targets the distribution of 12 million extra cookstoves, and the National Biogas Program targeting 360,000 low-income households. Affordability for these technologies is further supported by a 5% allocation of the government-backed Market Development Credit Line.
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Policy
Australia
2022
Powering Australia - First Nations Community Microgrid Programme
The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) launched the First Nations Community Microgrids Programme, aiming to develop and deploy microgrids across First Nations communities, to increase access to cheaper, cleaner and more reliable energy. In its October's 2022-23 budget, the federal government allocated AUD 83.8 million over four years to improve energy security and affordability for these communities.
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Report
Jun 2025
Competitiveness
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores competitiveness. Why is energy efficiency important for competitiveness? Increasing energy efficiency can improve competitiveness at both the firm level – by reducing costs, improving operations and increasing product value – and at the country level, by reducing the amount of energy required to produce economic output. Key facts Today the world’s industries produce nearly 20% more value added with a given amount of energy, compared with two decades ago. In the industrial sector, energy management can lead to more than 10% in annual energy cost savings within…