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Timur Gül
Chief Energy Technology Officer. Timur Gül, a German national, was appointed Chief Energy Technology Officer of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in October 2023. In this capacity, he oversees IEA analysis of innovative new and emerging clean energy technologies and their supply chains across a range of sectors. Mr. Gül is also Head of the Energy Technology Policy Division, with responsibility for the IEA’s flagship technology publication Energy Technology Perspectives, the IEA Energy Innovation Forum, the IEA’s Technology and Innovation Advisory Board as well as the IEA’s Technology Collaboration network.Having joined the IEA in 2009, Mr. Gül previously was a lead author of the IEA’s World Energy Outlook (WEO). Prior to his time at the IEA, he was a researcher at Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland.Timur Gül holds a PhD from the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (ETH) Zurich in Switzerland. He also holds a Master degree in Environmental Engineering from the Royal Institute...
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Lan Huong Hoang
Analyst.
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Impact analysis of the two largest LNG import regions
Europe BackgroundNatural gas is a central element in Europe’s energy landscape, accounting for about one-quarter of primary energy supply and playing a role across virtually all demand sectors. In the run-up to the crisis, the European continent could count on a multitude of gas supply sources: domestic production, pipeline imports and LNG imports. This diversity of sources fostered gas-on-gas competition and a growing reliance on spot-traded supply, notably in LNG. From 2015 to 2021, the share of short-term and spot-traded LNG imports grew from 10% to about 40% – a share that kept…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Introduction
Over the course of 2022 and 2023, the largest natural gas supply shock in history unfolded, developing from seemingly regional dynamics into a global shockwave in gas and wider energy markets. The crisis has yet to be entirely resolved in the 3 years that have since passed. However, the post-crisis gas market paradigm has started to emerge, making it possible to draw lessons from the most acute phase of the crisis that can be transposed from one region or market to another, or that can be achieved through collective action across the wider gas market. While gas dependency can…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Summary
The conflict in the Middle East has created the largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market, due to the near halt in shipping traffic through the Strait of Hormuz. Some 15 million barrels of crude oil and 5 million barrels of oil products typically traversed the Strait each day, equivalent to around 20% of global oil consumption. These flows have slowed to a trickle. The loss of supply is having significant impacts in global markets, pushing up prices for crude oil above $100/barrel, and leading to much higher prices for some refined products – notably diesel…
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India Bioenergy Market Report Executive summary
Bioenergy is particularly important for India’s rapidly growing energy market. It can strengthen energy security, reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, create economic development and employment opportunities - especially in rural communities - and contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions. These benefits align closely with national energy and climate objectives, enabling India to leverage its domestic resources to support cleaner energy growth. India’s abundant agricultural residues and organic waste provide a strong resource base for modern bioenergy production.India’s ethanol industry has emerged as one of the country’s most successful policy-driven energy stories. Backed by a suite…
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Implementation Plan for Prohibiting the Entry of Foreign Waste
…garbage” that poses a serious environmental hazard and has caused strong public complaints. This policy, Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Issuing the implementation Plan for Prohibiting the Entry of Foreign Waste and Promoting the Reform of the Solid Waste Import Management System (Guobanfa [2017] No. 70), includes a ban on hazardous waste, medical waste, electronic waste, and domestic waste. Since 2006 the Chinese government has imposed a “catalogue of Solid Wastes Prohibited from Import”, which included “black mass” as a prohibited import. This ban further strengthens the restrictions on waste imports from outside of China.
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Crude Nickel Cobalt Hydroxide standard
…These products can be used as raw materials for producing nickel-cobalt-manganese composite hydroxides, lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide, nickel or cobalt chemical salts, and other related materials. The MIIT national standard (YS/T 1460-2021), released in 2021 and effective from 2022, clarifies the treatment of black mass in China. This standard pertains to “crude nickel-cobalt hydroxide” produced from lithium battery scrap, and products meeting these standards can be imported under HS75012010, “nickel hydrometallurgical intermediate,” and HS81052010, “cobalt hydrometallurgical intermediate.” In December 2023, the government issued a policy under HS 38249999 to announce that as of January…
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Specifications for the Comprehensive Utilisation of Waste EV Batteries 2024
…for the comprehensive utilization of used EV power batteries, with a focus on improving repurposing and recycling practices. This updated regulation demonstrates China's commitment to improving the management and utilization of waste EV batteries. It introduces more stringent requirements for repurposing and recycling processes, emphasizes safety and environmental considerations, and aims to enhance the overall quality and traceability of recycled and repurposed battery products. These changes are likely to have significant implications for the recycling and management of critical minerals used in EV batteries in China. As of August 2024, this is a draft regulation open for public comment…
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Section 301, Trade Act 1974
…powers, in May 2024 the US increased tariffs on USD 18 billion of imports from China “in response to China’s unfair trade practices and to counteract the resulting harms,” and “protect American workers and businesses”:The tariff rate on certain steel and aluminium products will increase from 0–7.5% to 25% in 2024.The tariff rate on semiconductors will increase from 25% to 50% by 2025.The tariff rate on electric vehicles will increase from 25% to 100% in 2024.The tariff rate on lithium-ion EV batteries will increase from 7.5% to 25% in 2024, while…