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Artificial Intelligence
…new trends and questions in April 2026.As the tech sector and energy industry become more intertwined than ever before, the IEA will continue to provide data and robust analysis to inform decision makers. It will also facilitate ongoing dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders, which is essential to maximising benefits and reducing risks. . Meeting electricity demand Data centres, AI and electricity demand The training and deployment of AI models mainly occurs in data centres. While traditional data centres use between 10 and 25 megawatts (MW) of power, demand by hyperscale AI centres can exceed 100 MW – equivalent to the annual…
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Investment
…dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. This initiative includes a dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. Globally, energy investment by governments, households and businesses is expected to reach a new high of $3.3 trillion in 2025. How this spending is allocated has major consequences for energy security…
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Energy Security
…record high in 2023, and while dependence on oil is set to lessen in many parts of the world in the coming decades as clean energy transitions advance, the threat posed by oil supply disruptions will not disappear anytime soon.Even once global demand starts to decline structurally, oil will remain an important part of the energy mix for some time. There is also good reason to believe that oil supply disruptions are even more likely to occur in the coming decades than they are today. This is due to an elevated risk of supply-demand imbalances, increasing supply concentration…
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COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
…of Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs, under the Paris Agreement. Strong ambition and implementation of these NDCs will be crucial in determining the pace at which global greenhouse gas emissions decline over the next decade.The IEA is working with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat and sharing data, analysis and policy advice with governments to inform this process.Our Climate Pledges Explorer tracks existing NDCs and net zero targets for more than 190 countries. The interactive database, which also lays out what each country’s NDC implies for energy sector emissions, is updated regularly. Working with countries to accelerate progres...
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Access and Affordability
…partners hosted the landmark 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa, which led to $2.2 billion in financial commitments from governments and industry for clean cooking. The second IEA Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa will take place in Nairobi, Kenya, in July 2026. The project by the IEA and Power Africa draws on the IEA’s expertise to support governments with data-driven insights as they work to expand electricity access. Access to electricity This open-source GIS tool, developed in collaboration with the MIT Energy Initiative, was designed to estimate and forecast electricity demand at the building…
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Energy and Gender
…and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of energy policies. This work continues to expand and develop. The initiative, which was formerly known as C3E International, works to improve gender-disaggregated data in the energy sector, honour women in energy leadership roles, and elevate best practices and policies, with access to the 6,000 experts participating in the IEA’s energy technology network…
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Climate Change
…swiftly transforming the global energy system has never been stronger. The IEA’s Net Zero Roadmap lays out a pathway for the world’s energy sector to reach net zero emissions by mid-century, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, as called for by the Paris Agreement, and avoiding the worst effects of climate change.The rapid growth of some clean energy technologies in recent years – including electric cars, solar PV and batteries – has kept the door to 1.5 °C open. Yet meeting this target would require much faster progress on a much larger scale, IEA analysis shows –…
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Energy Innovation
…and analyses on energy innovation also provide crucial insights that equip the huge range of stakeholders in this space to make effective decisions and pursue ambitious goals – from academics and researchers to start-ups, established companies, investors, philanthropic organisations, policymakers and regulatory bodies.Our annual State of Energy Innovation report also provides a comprehensive, data-driven assessment of recent progress and emerging challenges in energy technology innovation. The IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCP) are independent, international groups of experts that enable governments and industries from around the world to lead programmes and projects on a wide range of energy technologies…
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Critical Minerals
…of the top three refining nations rose to 86% in 2024 from around 82% in 2020, with almost all supply growth coming from the single top supplier: Indonesia for nickel, and China for all others.
While policy makers have woken up to the challenges, based on today’s policy settings and investment trends, the average share of the top three suppliers is projected to decline only marginally over the next decade, effectively returning to the concentration levels seen in 2020. Despite narrowing supply gaps for some minerals, risks remain Demand growth for key energy minerals has been strong in recen... -
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Russia's War on Ukraine
…look to strengthen their energy security. At the same time, cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels are growing faster than ever. Due in part to policies unveiled by governments after February 2022, the world’s capacity to produce renewable power is expanding at a remarkable place , while the popularity of clean technologies such as electric vehicles and heat pumps is surging. The biggest legacy of the global energy crisis triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine may be that it accelerates the end of the fossil fuel era - with IEA projections now showing that under today's policy settings, demand for oil…