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Overview graphic: key technology trends for EVs
GEVO 2026 - Chapter 8 Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly at the centre of innovation in the automotive sector, bringing advances that extend far beyond developments in batteries and power electronics, thanks to several mutually reinforcing factors. Key technology trends are aligning in favour of EVs Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are mechanically simpler than internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) or hybrids, making them more compatible with digitalisation and automation. The relative simplicity of electric drivetrains enables shorter development cycles for new vehicles, allowing emerging technologies to reach BEVs sooner than vehicles with other powertrains.While the transition from mechanical to software…
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Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2024
…the Conference of the Parties (COP) and the Group of 20 (G20), ensuring that clean energy goals are integrated into international dialogues. The impact of the CETP extends to critical areas like energy efficiency, critical minerals, climate resilience, mobilising investment and reducing methane emissions, which are central to the global energy transition.Through innovation and multilateral collaboration, the CETP exemplifies the IEA's strategy of promoting clean energy transitions that are not only secure and sustainable but also inclusive and affordable. It remains a cornerstone of global efforts to accelerate the clean energy transition, driving tangible, transformative change across the world…
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Gas 2025
…recent market developments ahead of the 2025-26 winter season in the Northern Hemisphere – and includes forecasts for how supply and demand could evolve to 2030.The report also includes the IEA’s detailed annual assessment of gas supply security, including the implications of LNG contracting trends, and features a special spotlight on the potential to deploy carbon capture technologies along LNG value chains to reduce the emissions intensity of supply. Additionally, as part of the IEA’s Low-Emission Gases Work Programme, it includes a section on the medium-term outlook for biomethane, low-emissions hydrogen and e-methane.
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State of Energy Policy 2026
The IEA State of Energy Policy 2026 report provides with a unique review of policy progress made in 2025 across all energy sectors and instruments, with a special focus on government spending, energy efficiency regulations, and the contribution of the energy sector to nationally determined contributions and long-term net zero pledges.This year’s report brings an extensive examination of energy security policies to the period 1973-2025, from oil and natural gas to clean energy technology supply chains and critical minerals. It also spotlights the policy momentum around energy access, most particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, taking stock…
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Land-Use Competition between Biodiversity and Net Zero Goals
…targets. Key points Achieving global energy, climate and biodiversity conservation targets simultaneously has significant implications for land use. At the 28th United Nations Climate Change conference (COP28) in 2023, nearly 200 countries set a target to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. Based on an assessment by the International Energy Agency (IEA), tripling the capacity of renewables globally requires allocating up to an additional 600 000 km² of land – an area the size of France – to utility-scale solar PV and onshore wind power by 2030, and 2 million km² by 2050. In parallel, the IEA estimates that demand for key energy transition minerals – cobalt…
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Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2025
…the CETP has produced or enhanced more than 200 reports, policy briefs and data products.Through its three pillars of supporting national transitions, enabling multilateral coordination and providing global analysis, the CETP translates international dialogue into concrete action. The programme drives progress in energy efficiency, renewable energy deployment, critical minerals, financing energy transitions, clean cooking, methane emissions reduction, digitalisation of energy systems, technology and innovation, and people-centred energy transitions. The CETP’s flexible design allows it to respond rapidly to emerging challenges, scale successful initiatives and connect global insights with national policy making.By linking robust and reliable data…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance
Scaling Up
Transition
Finance Actions by emissions-intensive sectors, companies and countries are crucial to placing the world on a sustainable pathway. Yet investments that could deliver meaningful reductions in their environmental footprint often do not receive sufficient financial support. Currently, finance is drawn heavily to certain “green” assets and activities. While vital, these investments alone cannot deliver all the changes needed to cut global emissions, especially in areas where clean technologies are not yet commercially available or cost-competitive. This is where transition finance comes in: it can help emissions-intensive countries, companies and sectors shift over time towards…
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Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya
Key challenges and strategic priorities Building on its renewable energy success, Kenya is now focused on managing a secure and reliable electricity system. With nearly 90% of the generation mix derived from renewable sources and electricity access rising from 37% in 2013 to 79% in 2025, the country has established itself as a regional leader in energy development.Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya explores how Kenya can strengthen its power system amid rising shares of variable renewable energy (VRE). The report identifies Kenya’s system to be operating in Phase 3 of the IEA’s VRE integration framework, where…
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Oil 2025
…in place for several years, these factors have recently pushed international oil prices to four-year low in April and early May. At the same time, shifts in energy policies are affecting oil producers and consumers alike, with oil supply security remaining high on the international energy policy agenda.Oil 2025 looks beyond the short-term horizon covered in the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR) to provide a comprehensive overview of evolving oil supply, demand, refining and trade dynamics through 2030. This Report presents detailed forecasts and analysis of oil demand fundamentals across fuels, sectors and regions as well…
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Grid investments
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores grid investments. Why is energy efficiency important for grid investments? As we enter the Age of Electricity, global electricity demand is rising rapidly – and so is the demand for the expansion of electricity grids. Energy efficiency can help close the gap between supply and demand, but often at a lower cost, and more quickly, than new generation and grid expansion. Key facts On average, energy efficiency costs less than half the amount it would cost to build new generation capacity and grid infrastructure, per unit of…
