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Energy and AI
…you expected, rephrase or refine your query to better guide the agent. Provide context when needed: If your question relates to a specific section or chapter of the Electricity 2025 report, mention it in your prompt. For example, "Explain the latest trends for Africa in the Regional section of the Electricity 2025 report." Specify desired format: If you need the response in a particular format such as a list or summary, mention it in your prompt. For example, "List the key points from the executive summary of the Electricity 2025 report." Clarify region and timeframe: When asking for data, be…
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Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report, 2025
…Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO)—the five custodian agencies responsible for tracking progress toward SDG 7. Figure ES.1 offers a snapshot of the primary indicators for 2025.Progress toward 2030 targets remains off track, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, owing in part to the Covid-19 pandemic and 2022 energy crisis. Nonetheless, globally, policy progress and technological advances have shown some promising results, notably in boosting renewable energy deployment and achieving modest (though still insufficient) improvements in energy efficiency. Elements of…
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National Climate Resilience Assessment for Mozambique
…guards against some of these risks. Mozambique envisages the deployment of 1 GW of new solar PV and up to 0.5 GW of onshore wind capacity by 2030. Considering changing precipitation patterns and risks for floods and droughts in siting new projects would also be important to reduce the risk of asset damage and loss.Heavy precipitation and floods could also pose a risk to the secure operation of Mozambique’s coal mines. As Africa’s second largest coal producer, Mozambique’s economy strongly relies on these exports, which made up 13% of GDP in 2023. Mozambique plans to give natural…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
…institutional capacities and national policy landscapes. On the global stage, these indicators can also support countries as they develop their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and other climate and adaptation strategies. The Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions was launched at the meeting of the Global Commission on 9 October 2025 in Durban, South Africa as part of the official programme of the G20 Energy Transitions Ministerial Meeting. It is an official South Africa G20 Presidency document, developed by the Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions in collaboration with the South Africa G20 Presidency Secretariat and its local partners.
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026
…by 2030.This sixth edition of the Global Hydrogen Review includes novel analysis on what constitutes an acceptable cost for low-emissions hydrogen across multiple applications and regions. It concludes with a special focus chapter exploring challenges and opportunities for the development of new supply chains for low-emissions hydrogen-based products in Africa.The report is published alongside updates to the Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database and the online Hydrogen Tracker. These resources allow users to explore project-level information and data on announced and operational projects for the production of low-emissions hydrogen and for the development…
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Health
…as well as mental health and life satisfaction. A closer look at wider health impacts Energy efficiency policies across the world have shown positive health impacts for the population. For instance, in a programme in Australia, 49% of participants reported better health due to efficient heating systems. In a South African programme, energy retrofits led to a 81% reduction in self-reported illness among households. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the Warm Up New Zealand Programme concluded that 90% of all benefits are health-related, with hospital admissions for respiratory conditions dropping by 43%, saving the country over USD 1 billion…
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Cost of Capital Observatory
Tracking the cost of capital for clean energy projects in emerging and developing economies The Cost of Capital Observatory is an initiative from the IEA, the World Economic Forum, ETH Zurich and Imperial College London. The aim of the Observatory is to increase transparency in the energy sector and inspire investor confidence, especially in emerging and developing countries where data on financing costs is scarcer.The Observatory is divided into three sections:A Dashboard that provides free data on the cost of capital for energy projects in emerging and developing economies, updated with 2023 and 2024 data in July and…
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Mozambique 2024
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Mozambique and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Kenya 2024
Energy Policy Review Government action is pivotal in building secure, inclusive and sustainable energy systems. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to national specific needs, adapt to regional contexts, and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review of Kenya was prepared in collaboration between the government of Kenya and the IEA, whose strong partnership achieved an important milestone in…
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Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya
Key challenges and strategic priorities Building on its renewable energy success, Kenya is now focused on managing a secure and reliable electricity system. With nearly 90% of the generation mix derived from renewable sources and electricity access rising from 37% in 2013 to 79% in 2025, the country has established itself as a regional leader in energy development.Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya explores how Kenya can strengthen its power system amid rising shares of variable renewable energy (VRE). The report identifies Kenya’s system to be operating in Phase 3 of the IEA’s VRE integration framework, where…
