• • Article

  • 30 Jun 2022

  Spain Natural Gas Security Policy

  …led by the Ministry, and clear regulations for the security of the natural gas market (based on domestic law and EU regulations), result in hardly any deficiencies in terms of securing gas supplies to the market, regardless of the circumstances. However, the changing role of the natural gas in the energy system of Spain may require adjustments to emergency planning and responsible institutions, particularly given the current energy security crisis in Europe. The Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MTE) is the main energy policy body within the Spanish government. For the gas sector, its responsibilities include…

• • Article

  • 13 Dec 2021

  Fuel economy in Indonesia

  Market profile and analysis of fuel consumption trends Just over 9 million light-duty vehicles (LDVs) were sold in Indonesia in 2019, with an average fuel consumption of 8.1 litres of gasoline equivalent per 100 kilometres (Lge/100 km). Despite having one of the lightest weighing LDV fleets in 2019, average fuel consumption in Indonesia is 13% above the global average. The relatively low average weight of new LDVs in Indonesia (1 276 kg in 2019) stems from a sales share for SUVs/pick-ups that is 21% below the global average. Nevertheless, sales shares of SUVs/pick-ups…

• • Article

  • 09 Feb 2021

  E4 Country Profile: Energy Efficiency Indonesia

  Overview Indonesia remains the largest energy producer and consumer in Southeast Asia, making up over 36% of the region’s energy demand. While Indonesia has made significant progress in access to electricity and clean cooking since the turn of the century, by 2018, about 1.7% of the population, nearly all in still do not have access to electricity, and 32% of the population lack access to clean cooking technology. With electricity demand potentially doubling by 2040, and a rapid urban expansion, the role of energy efficiency and urban planning in cities remains critical. Improvements in energy efficiency Energy efficiency…

• • Article

  • 29 Sep 2020

  Spain's legislation on oil security

  …Security Stocks, Natural Gas Supply Diversification and the Strategic Petroleum Product Reserves Corporation (OMM) as amended by the 2007 Royal Decree 1766/2007 regulating the Obligation to Maintain Minimum Security Stocks, the Diversification of the Natural Gas Supply and Strategic Reserves of Petroleum Products Corporation and by the 2015 Royal Decree 984/2015 regulating the Organized Gas Market and the Access of Third Parties to the Installations of the Natural Gas System.  Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant European Union legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering operation of the emergency response system According to article 39(1) OMM, the…

• • Article

  • 21 Oct 2019

  Does security of supply drive key biofuel markets in Asia?

  Renewables 2019 Trends to watch number 1 Improving security of supply is a fundamental reason for the introduction of biofuel policy support in China, India and Indonesia, which in turn has raised production prospects. Combined, these countries account for 40% (15 billion litres) of biofuel production growth in the main case forecast (2019‑24).Crude oil import dependency is set to increase in all three countries over the forecast period, meaning that measures to reinforce security of supply are of paramount importance. China already overtook the United States as the largest crude oil importer in 2017, India’s oil demand is set…

• • Article

  • 21 Jan 2022

  Scaling Up Renewables in the Java-Bali Power System: A Case Study

  Introduction One of the world’s largest floating solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants, Cirata, is under construction in Indonesia. It is an innovative design with floating PV arrays to provide power in association with an existing hydropower plant in West Java. The 145 MW floating PV installation on the Cirata Reservoir is expected to be completed by fourth-quarter 2022. Indonesia plans to develop a further 60 floating PV installations to contribute to its target of 23% of power generation from renewables by 2025. Integrating rising levels of variable renewables into its power system is important for Indonesia. In that regard…

• • Article

  • 30 Jun 2022

  Spain Electricity Security Policy

  …electricity generation in Spain has notably decarbonised, as the share of production from fossil fuels decreased. Renewable energy is the leading provider of electricity, followed by natural gas, nuclear, coal and oil. Spain is now halfway to reaching the National Energy and Climate Plan’s objective of having 74% of renewables electricity generation in 2030, which will require further efforts from all market players.   The completed phase-out of coal, the process of phasing out nuclear and the further rapid development of variable renewables, pose new sets of challenges for electricity security. The challenges are twofold - on the infrastructure…

• • Article

  • 30 Jun 2022

  Spain Oil Security Policy

  …production but the processing capacity at its eight refineries exceeds domestic needs and makes Spain a net-exporter of oil products. According to Spain’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), which targets carbon neutrality in 2050, oil consumption will drop by 23% over the next 10 years, contributing to a 31% cut of overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the period. This will come about due to major changes in transport and mobility patterns in the country, with 5 million electric vehicles on the roads by 2030, strong standards for urban circulation, increased use of railways for transporting goods…

• • Country report

  • Oct 2015

  Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2015

  …current status and future prospects for energy markets in the region and their implications for energy security, the environment and economic development. The report highlights trends in domestic energy demand and supply prospects to 2040, broken down by fuel and sector; the outlook for the power sector and the increasing share of coal in the region’s electricity generation; the role that Southeast Asia will play in international energy trade and the implications for its energy expenditures; the potential energy and environmental benefits of implementing pragmatic measures that would help limit the rise in the region’s greenhouse gas emissions…

• • Country report

  • Oct 2016

  Partner Country Series - Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in Mexico and Indonesia

  …country and then focus on transport fuels in Indonesia and electricity in Mexico. The study sets out a series of policy recommendations for both countries, and concludes that governments should not limit fuel subsidy reforms to technical measures. Rather they should engage the public at every step of the way, undertake detailed consultations and public opinion surveys, and set up a process that develops public participation and acceptance for the policies. These findings should be of interest to policy makers considering or implementing reforms to fossil fuel subsidies as well as readers following developments in global and regional energy markets.