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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Australia 2018 Review
…the oil supply chain are growing steadily. Gas supply in the east coast market has become tight, leading to higher prices in that market. Australia’s power system finds itself exposed to concerns over reliability, particularly amid extreme weather events. While its carbon intensity is in decline, it is still the highest among IEA countries. For natural gas to play a role as a transition fuel to a low-carbon economy, resource development, additional pipeline capacity and market integration are critical. The government is implementing reforms to foster reliability and security of supply, prompted by the South Australia system wide…
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Case Study: The National Energy Analytics Research (NEAR) Programme in Australia
…Electricity consumption in the Australian National Electricity Market compared with published forecasts, 2005-06 to 2016-17 A major factor that contributed to the excessive demand forecasts was a lack of detailed energy consumption data. This data would have assisted forecasters to understand important trends, including: the impact of energy efficiency policies; the adoption of new technologies and appliances in buildings; and industrial efforts to improve efficiency, also driven by government policy.Lack of data has also limited wider policy and regulation across other areas, including: driving adoption of smart meter technology; reforms to electricity tariff structures; monitoring market competition…
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Fuel economy in Indonesia
Market profile and analysis of fuel consumption trends Just over 9 million light-duty vehicles (LDVs) were sold in Indonesia in 2019, with an average fuel consumption of 8.1 litres of gasoline equivalent per 100 kilometres (Lge/100 km). Despite having one of the lightest weighing LDV fleets in 2019, average fuel consumption in Indonesia is 13% above the global average. The relatively low average weight of new LDVs in Indonesia (1 276 kg in 2019) stems from a sales share for SUVs/pick-ups that is 21% below the global average. Nevertheless, sales shares of SUVs/pick-ups…
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E4 Country Profile: Energy Efficiency Indonesia
Overview Indonesia remains the largest energy producer and consumer in Southeast Asia, making up over 36% of the region’s energy demand. While Indonesia has made significant progress in access to electricity and clean cooking since the turn of the century, by 2018, about 1.7% of the population, nearly all in still do not have access to electricity, and 32% of the population lack access to clean cooking technology. With electricity demand potentially doubling by 2040, and a rapid urban expansion, the role of energy efficiency and urban planning in cities remains critical. Improvements in energy efficiency Energy efficiency…
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Does security of supply drive key biofuel markets in Asia?
Renewables 2019 Trends to watch number 1 Improving security of supply is a fundamental reason for the introduction of biofuel policy support in China, India and Indonesia, which in turn has raised production prospects. Combined, these countries account for 40% (15 billion litres) of biofuel production growth in the main case forecast (2019‑24).Crude oil import dependency is set to increase in all three countries over the forecast period, meaning that measures to reinforce security of supply are of paramount importance. China already overtook the United States as the largest crude oil importer in 2017, India’s oil demand is set…
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Scaling Up Renewables in the Java-Bali Power System: A Case Study
Introduction One of the world’s largest floating solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants, Cirata, is under construction in Indonesia. It is an innovative design with floating PV arrays to provide power in association with an existing hydropower plant in West Java. The 145 MW floating PV installation on the Cirata Reservoir is expected to be completed by fourth-quarter 2022. Indonesia plans to develop a further 60 floating PV installations to contribute to its target of 23% of power generation from renewables by 2025. Integrating rising levels of variable renewables into its power system is important for Indonesia. In that regard…
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Australia's legislation on oil security
Introduction The Australian Government’s response to national oil supply emergencies is primarily governed by the Liquid Fuels Emergency Act 1984 (LFE Act). Compared to primary legislation addressing national oil supply emergencies in other IEA Member countries, the LFE Act is more general in nature. The LFE Act provides the Commonwealth Energy Minister (the Minister) with powers in a national liquid fuel emergency to issue directions, and the Liquid Fuel Emergency Guidelines 2019 (Guidelines) set out the parameters of these powers and what a decision-maker must do or consider when exercising a power in an emergency situation.Under the Australian…
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Fuel economy in Australia
…average by 0.6% per year and 1.4%, repsectively between 2017 and 2019. Overall, average fuel consumption of LDVs in Australia has improved since 2005, though the rate of improvements has slowed to 0.3% per year since 2017. In contrast to most major LDV markets, the sales share of diesel vehicles has expanded considerably since 2005 in Australia. Diesel accounted for 32% of LDV sales in 2019, which is far higher than the global average. Most of the growth in diesel shares has occured in the large and small SUV/pick-up truck segement. Between 2017 and 2019…
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Paving the way to recovery with utility-funded energy efficiency
Abstract Measures to improve energy efficiency offer opportunities to create local jobs, save on energy bills and cost-effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful pollutants. This makes energy efficiency an important part of effective response and recovery programmes during the Covid-19 crisis. There are many effective policies and programmes driving energy efficiency improvements. This paper focuses on energy utility-funded energy efficiency programmes, one of the primary mechanisms for improving energy efficiency around the world. Utility-funded programmes provide several unique advantages. With the exception of areas without access to electricity, nearly every citizen and business is…
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The Potential of Behavioural Interventions for Optimising Energy Use at Home
Whether we are boiling water to make tea, activating a home appliance or relaxing under a hot shower, our daily behaviours and choices at home are important drivers of energy consumption. In 2018, energy consumption from the residential sector represented 20% of the total energy demand in IEA countries. Individuals and households can adopt a variety of measures to optimise their energy consumption. Changes in our everyday habits can help to reduce home energy bills, lower carbon emissions and ease pressure on the power grid. Modest behaviour adustments can, over time, yield substantial energy savings on their own. Residential energy…