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Oil Market Report - April 2017
…inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global demand growth of 1.3 mb/d is forecast for 2017, a second consecutive annual decline and slightly below our prior forecast following weaker than expected 1Q17 demand. Subdued gains in Russia and India, and weaker momentum in OECD countries, were key factors.World oil supply fell by 755 kb/d in March as OPEC and non-OPEC producers pumped less and improved compliance with the output reduction pact. Total non-OPEC output is set to rise again, however, with growth of 485 kb/d…
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Railway Handbook 2016
…and emissions data associated with the railway sector. Part I of this year’s Handbook is dedicated to presenting the most significant data and trends concerning energy consumption and CO2 emissions from the rail sector, focusing on the most important Regions in terms of rail activity, namely EU 28, USA, Japan, Russia, India and China. In the context of the historic outcome of the 21st Conference of Parties in December last year, it was decided to dedicate Part II of the Railway Handbook 2016 to sustainability targets, framing an overview of the targets set by railway companies and countries alike.
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Railway Handbook 2015
…the Railway Handbook 2015. For this edition, significant methodological improvements were implemented leading to better consistency between the different indicators presented in this Handbook, in addition to updates of the global data, as well as regional breakdowns for those regions that we consider the most relevant from the point of view of transport activity: European Union, USA, Japan, Russia, India, and China. This edition devotes particular attention to the energy efficiency of rail vehicles. This is achieved by providing information on the energy efficiency of trains in different world regions, with a richer set of indicators for the European Union.
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Hungary 2022
…reactors up to mid-2030s. The government has an ambitious target of 90% clean electricity by 2030, Hungary needs to maintain and increase its low carbon generation. Alongside nuclear energy, a diverse renewable energy portfolio and greater power system flexibility for the integration of high shares of solar PV are critical.The country needs to reduce the high vulnerability and reliance on Russia for gas, oil and nuclear, through policies that lower fossil fuel consumption, increase energy efficiency and promote investments in clean energy technologies and human resources to deliver a just and inclusive transition. To decarbonise hard-to-abate…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 2006
…consumers, the overall level of subsidies to producers and consumers of energy needs to be reviewed. This analysis makes recommendations to tackle these concerns and also discusses the potential contribution of energy efficiency to increasing energy security and economic competitiveness. The gas dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukraine in January 2006 focused global attention on consumer nations’ vulnerability to supply disruptions. The Hungarian government has since placed greater emphasis on diversification of suppliers and has supported the development of new routes to bring gas into Europe. Hungary has dramatically improved its energy efficiency during the last 15 years. Nevertheless…
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Will new PV manufacturing policies in the United States, India and the European Union create global PV supply diversification?
…relatively low energy costs and labour productivity make China the most competitive solar module manufacturer worldwide. Higher investment costs in India are the primary reason for the cost differential with China, while higher overhead and labour costs makes US PV manufacturing not as competitive. In Europe, rising energy prices following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine widened the cost gap with China. Today, EU industrial energy prices are more than triple those of China, India and the United States. Manufacturing policies in India and the United States Recent policy actions in India and the United States aim to increase the competitiveness…
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The Future of Rail
…the highest share of electric train activity are Europe, Japan and Russia, while North and South America still rely heavily on diesel.
Passenger rail is significantly more electrified than freight in almost all regions, and regions with higher reliance on urban rail and high-speed rail are those with the largest share of passenger-kilometres served by electricity. Trends in conventional, high-speed, urban and freight rail Conventional rail covers medium- to long-distance journeys with a maximum speed under 250 kph and suburban train journeys.
Most conventional rail networks today are located in North America, Europe, China, Russia, India… -
Hungary Natural Gas Security Policy
…energy source for the country and will likely constitute a significant proportion of the energy mix through 2030, and beyond, when the Mátra lignite-fired plant will be closed and replaced with a 500 MW gas-fired plant (plus a solar array and other smaller generation units). With limited domestic production, Hungary relies on imports, particularly from Russia. Since 2021, Hungary has also had the ability to import liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargoes via the Krk LNG terminal in neighbouring Croatia, and it will soon be able to import volumes through Serbia via the TurkStream pipeline. HUSA, the public stockholding agency…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 2011 Review
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 2011 Regional co-operation is a vital element of Hungary’s energy market and energy security policy. Hungary, which shares borders with seven countries, is well placed to improve regional energy security by catalysing the development of closely integrated regional markets for electricity and natural gas. A country strongly dependent on natural gas imports, Hungary has taken several commendable steps to manage risks to its supply. It has enhanced storage capacity and diversified cross-border capacity, and it is developing new supply routes. Hungary is also working hard to strengthen the…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 1999
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Hungary 1999 The International Energy Agency's 1999 review of Hungary's energy policies and programmes. Hungary joined the International Energy Agency on 3 June 1997 as part of its transition toward a market economy and integration into the West that began after 1990. It also envisages accession to the European Union (EU) within the next three years. This will require further changes to the country’s energy sector that underwent considerable change during the transition years. Previously operated by the state-held body MVM, Hungary’s electricity supply industry was restructured…