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Optimising membrane filtration processes in the production of biofuels
…costs. The membrane filter is like a very fine sieve that can remove and concentrate the biobutanol at the same time as the bacteria are producing it.How does the project help to achieve climate and energy goals?replaces fossil fuels with biofuels to offset CO2 emissionsmakes biofuels more competitive by decreasing the cost of downstream processingdecreases the energy demand of biofuel productionuses electrifiable separation processes.What government policies could advance this project?Promoting research, development and demonstration projects in this technology area.Reducing or removing fossil fuel subsidies.Providing incentives or tax credits for low-carbon technologies.Establishing stan...
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2013 Review
Sweden has made progress in recent years towards a more secure, sustainable energy future. The Scandinavian nation already has an almost carbon-free electricity supply and has phased out oil use in residential and power sectors. It is increasingly integrated within the Nordic and Baltic electricity markets, and its joint renewable electricity certificate market with Norway offers a unique model for other countries. Now Sweden must take concrete steps to realise its vision of a fossil fuel-independent vehicle fleet by 2030 and no net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Although Sweden has decided to allow the replacement of its…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2019 Review
Sweden is leading the way towards a low-carbon society. In recent years, the country has adopted an energy and climate framework with ambitious long‑term and interim goals, including a target of 100% renewable energy in electricity generation by 2040. In this review of Sweden’s energy policies, the IEA looks at how the country is managing its energy transition, as well as how this transition affects energy security. Sweden’s electricity system – based on nuclear, hydro and a growing share of wind power – is nearly fossil‑free. The country, which is well interconnected with its neighbours, has become a large…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2008
…2008 Sweden is one of the leading IEA countries in the use of renewable energy and has a long tradition of ambitious and successful policies to improve energy efficiency. Compared to the other IEA countries, Sweden’s CO2 emissions per capita and per unit of GDP are low, partly owing to efficient and low-carbon space heating, and virtually carbon-free electricity generation. The country also remains a forerunner in electricity market liberalisation. Still, even if Sweden has continued to make progress in most areas of its energy policy since the IEA last conducted an in-depth review in 2004…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2000
…and to achieve Sweden’s target for greenhouse gas emissions. Energy taxation has been designed to support both objectives. The competitive Nordic electricity market has been important in maintaining low electricity prices. Sweden’s per capita carbon dioxide emissions are among the lowest of all OECD countries, largely because of reliance on nuclear and hydro-electric power. The potential contribution of natural gas to balancing economic and environmental objectives in the Swedish context should not be dismissed. Energy efficiency improvements will have to be large and sustained to justify closure of nuclear capacity – possibly larger than recent trends suggest may…
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Case Study: Crawling for Market Surveillance and Policy Development
NordCrawl is a digital tool that can help governments to reduce the cost of market surveillance of energy efficiency standards and labelling programmes and reduce the loss of energy savings associated with non-compliance. NordCrawl is a digital tool that can help governments to reduce the cost of market surveillance of energy efficiency standards and labelling programmes and reduce the loss of energy savings associated with non-compliance. Context In existence since the 1970s and operating in more than 80 countries around the world, national energy efficiency standards and labelling (EESL) programmes are the cornerstone of most national energy efficiency…
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Sweden 2024
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Sweden and the IEA. It draws…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2004
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Sweden 2004 Swedish energy policy combines strong government involvement with the judicious use of market forces. This dual approach has generally worked well, giving Sweden a reliable, low-cost and environmentally sound energy supply.
Sweden must now resolve the future of its nuclear power plants, which provide nearly 50% of the country’s electricity. The government must work with stakeholders to find a credible solution.