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Country report
Feb 2007
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: The United Kingdom 2006 Review
…an energy-saving programme under which suppliers must achieve efficiency targets in households. Challenges, such as the requirement that 50% of savings come from low-income households, remain. The review invites the government to investigate ways in which fuel poverty could be reduced without distorting the EEC. Energy Policies of the United Kingdom 2006 also assesses the government’s shifting direction on nuclear and backs this new path. It argues that the development of a positive investment framework in planning and licensing, without direct intervention in investment decisions favouring nuclear, will allow investors to judge the viability of new plants.
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Country report
Apr 2010
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2009
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2009 Canada, with its diverse and balanced portfolio of energy resources, is one of the largest producers and exporters of energy among IEA member countries. The energy sector plays an increasingly important role for the Canadian economy and for global energy security, as its abundant resource base has the potential to deliver even greater volumes of energy.
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Country report
May 2012
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: The United Kingdom 2012 Review
…Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: The United Kingdom 2012 The United Kingdom is preparing for a deep decarbonisation of its energy system. The country has decided to halve its greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2027 and to cut them by a total of 80% by 2050. For this to happen, significant private-sector investment in new energy infrastructure is needed. As it seeks concrete solutions to the low-carbon investment challenge, the United Kingdom is leading by example. The United Kingdom’s proposed Electricity Market Reform is a pioneering effort that will be closely observed by other countries…
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Country report
Dec 2002
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2002
…the UK continental shelf has contributed significantly to these developments. Central to the success of the energy sector however, was a readiness to adjust policies and regulatory measures when shortcomings became apparent. The last major adjustment was the introduction of the New Electricity Trading Rules in March 2001. These rules provided the decisive step towards a fully competitive power market.
Thanks to energy market reform and the resulting "dash for gas" in power generation, the UK is likely to meet its 12.5% greenhouse gas reduction target under the Kyoto Protocol. But the country has a national target to reduce… -
Country report
Jun 2019
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2019 Review
…in offshore wind and solar PV, is transforming the UK power sector. By 2030, wind and solar are expected to reach above 50%, more than in any other country. Solutions for flexible electricity markets and technologies need to be scaled up. Coal and nuclear power capacity is going to retire and new nuclear faces a weak outlook, the contribution of natural gas to meet peak demand is likely to increase. The United Kingdom has been able to stabilise production from the North Sea. Given its long term decline, however, oil and gas imports are critical. Maintaining open energy trade with…
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Country report
Jan 2022
Canada 2022
Energy Policy Review The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences.Since the last IEA review in 2015, Canada has made a series of enterprising international and domestic commitments to put the country on a path towards transforming its energy system, including a target to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 40‑45% by 2030 from 2005 levels and to reach net zero emissions by 2050. Canada’s energy transformation presents both challenges and opportunities…
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Report
Jun 2025
Land-Use Competition between Biodiversity and Net Zero Goals
…critical mineral development risk overlapping with important areas for biodiversity conservation around the world, building on Canada’s leadership in providing open-source geospatial information on land use, resource distribution and ecosystems at risk. The new tool compiles 15 global geospatial datasets covering the resource distribution for solar, wind and mineral deposits with datasets on biodiversity and other land-use designations to help resolve competition between various land uses. This analysis is not intended to provide specific recommendations on which lands to protect and which to develop, nor does it reflect an endorsement from the Government of Canada on the…
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Country report
Aug 2024
United Kingdom 2024
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies. This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of the United Kingdom and the IEA…
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Country report
Jan 2005
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2004
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2004 This International Energy Agency review of Canada's energy policies and programmes systematically examines Canada's general energy scene and energy policy and then looks more specifically at energy and the environment, energy efficiency, policies and programs for specific types of energy, and energy R&D. It makes a series of policy recommendations, in particular with regard to meeting demand growth, emissions, efficiency, use of oil sands, and natural gas exploration.
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Country report
Feb 2016
Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2015 Review
Canada has continued to harvest its vast natural resources and witnessed a shale revolution alongside rising oil sands production and investment in the energy sector over the past five years. The medium-term outlook for gas/oil production and exports, however, is challenging amid uncertainties around pipeline developments and an era of low prices, abundant global supplies and surging production in the United States, Canada’s main export market. Canada maintains the highest energy supply per capita among IEA member countries. Emissions from the oil and gas sectors increased by 14% in 2005-13, despite Canada’s low-carbon electricity…