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How Hybrid PV Technologies Can Contribute to the Decarbonisation of Thailand's Power System
…a crucial resource for Thailand’s power system decarbonisation While Thailand’s power generation is currently characterised by a high share of fossil fuels (81% of total electricity generation in 2021 came from gas and coal), the country has tremendous solar PV potential, both at utility scale and for rooftop PV, thanks to high irradiance and high daily solar exposure. Solar PV is a low-cost source of clean electricity with high potential for decarbonising power systems. It is, however, a variable resource, as generation fluctuates with the weather.In systems with growing shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources…
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Putting a price on carbon – an efficient way for Thailand to meet its bold emission target
…and 2017 due to retirement of coal plant and growth of renewables and natural gas generation. In addition, revenue from the cap-and-trade programme financed the California Climate Investments. These funded renewable fuel research, clean vehicle incentives, energy efficiency installations, wildfire protection and development of a low-carbon economy workforce. The country has some experience of carbon market mechanisms, but also has “readiness gaps” Having confirmed its nationally determined contribution under the Paris Agreement in 2016, Thailand is implementing various action plans to reach its target of reducing GHG emissions in 2030 to 20.8% below the business-as…
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Efficient Grid-Interactive Buildings
…transition and avoid lock-in of additional fossil fuel generation. The intermittent nature of variable renewable energy and increasing deployment of distributed energy resources are putting additional pressure on existing grids. In response to these challenges, this report explores the opportunities and challenges for efficient grid-interactive buildings in the ASEAN region.Such buildings are becoming a crucial element for the global ambition to attain net zero emissions, as they can combine enhanced energy efficiency, advanced smart digital technologies and decarbonised electricity generation. This integration creates the potential for buildings to shift from energy-intensive consumers to low-carbon prosumers…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2018 Review
…sustainability and the country’s carbon sink, and it offers perspectives for Finland’s potential for innovation in heavy duty, aviation and maritime transport. The country has aligned its climate and energy policies within a robust policy framework and set ambitious climate targets for 2030, such as cutting oil consumption in half and achieving 30% of renewables in transport by 2030. As the power sector is largely decarbonised, transport is a key sector for the country’s ambitious national climate targets. Finland has been a leader among IEA countries in public and private spending on energy research, development and demonstration…
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Finland 2023
…energy imports and ensuring energy security by increasing imports from other countries, raising domestic renewable energy production and improving energy efficiency. Despite these notable successes in clean energy and energy security, significant challenges remain. Imported fossil fuels still account for over a third of the energy supply while some areas of the Finnish economy, such as transport and key industrial activities, remain dependant on fossil fuels. Also, land use change and forestry in Finland, which have historically offset a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions, became a net source of emissions for the first time in 2021. In this report…
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IEA Support to Accelerating Renewable Energy Permitting (ARPE)
…as well as all other stakeholders engaged in renewable energy project development.The project was funded by the European Union (EU) via the Technical Support Instrument, which is managed by the Reform and Investment Task Force (SG REFORM) of the European Commission. The project is implemented by the International Energy Agency (IEA), in cooperation with the European Commission. Background In May 2022, the European Commission released the REPowerEU aimed at rapidly accelerating the clean energy transition in the European Union. The plan includes increasing the 2030 target for renewable energy in the overall energy mix to 42.5% (with the ambition…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2007
…some areas that warrant special attention. As nearly all fossil fuels are imported and all natural gas comes through a single interconnection, the government should continue to explore ways to diversify import sources and routes. The new nuclear power plant currently being built – the first in a liberalised market – will help safeguard energy security, though the construction delays necessitate continued monitoring. Subsidies for peat, a fuel in abundance in Finland, should be reconsidered, as they do not enhance energy security. On the other hand, the government should continue to explore ways to expand new renewables, building on the current stock…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2013 Review
…ambitious renewable energy programme, with a view to meeting 38% of its final energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. Finland is the most forested country in Europe; biomass will thus play a central role in meeting the target. Finland is one of few IEA countries with plans to expand its nuclear capacity, and the Parliament has approved the construction of two more nuclear power plants. If all planned projects are completed, the share of electricity produced by nuclear could double by 2025, reaching around 60%. This would contribute to diversifying Finland’s energy security and meeting its low-carbon…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finland 2003
…for backup power, and efforts to diversify natural gas supply options would reinforce this policy.
While Finland’s light-handed approach to regulation has worked well, the report recommends areas of more proactive regulation, especially in the fields of electricity networks and district heating systems.
Finland has agreed to keep GHG emissions at 1990 levels during the first Kyoto commitment period, yet projections show a 15% increase in emissions under business-as-usual conditions. Actively integrating international measures such as emissions trading into domestic programmes and more market-based approaches to renewable energy will ease the path towards Kyoto compliance. -
Deploying Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries
Deploying Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries This paper is part of the IEA ongoing analysis of global renewable energy markets and policies. It focuses on six Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The report investigates the potentials and barriers for scaling up market penetration of renewable energy technologies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors in the six countries.