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Policy report
Jun 2026
Scaling Up Demand Flexibility
From peak management to efficient system operation This report has been developed as part of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Digital Demand-Driven Electricity Networks (3DEN) initiative to examine the growing importance of demand flexibility in electricity systems amid rising demand, increased renewable energy integration and the electrification of power systems. Case studies in chronological order to examine the changing role of demand flexibility over time from South Africa (2025), Thailand (2030) and Ireland (2035) demonstrate how demand flexibility improves reliability, reduces costs, supports renewables integration and manages network constraints. To realise these benefits, the report emphasises the role for…
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Country report
Mar 2016
Partner Country Series - Thailand Electricity Security Assessment
Thailand is a rapidly growing country with a large middle class, and as a result may be undergoing a structural transition, changing the nature and shape of electricity demand in the coming years. Thai energy policy is driven by the three pillars of security, affordability and environmental sustainability. Concerns over fuel diversity underlie all three of these pillars and thus are a major driver of Thailand’s current long-term view of power sector development. Thailand is seeking to diversify its power sector over the next two decades by increasing coal generation and an increase in both domestic and imported…
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Country report
May 2022
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2022
The Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2022 is the fifth edition of this World Energy Outlook Special Report. Building on its important partnership with Southeast Asia, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has published these studies on a regular basis since 2013. The studies offer insightful prospects for the ten member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.Since the last edition of this report, the energy prospects for Southeast Asia have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, new…
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Report
May 2018
Status of Power System Transformation 2018: Summary for Policy Makers
…uncertainty in both supply and demand. A lack of system flexibility can reduce the resilience of power systems, or lead to the loss of substantial amounts of clean electricity through curtailment of variable renewable energy sources. Power plants play a critical role in enhancing system flexibility. Based on a wealth of real-life case studies and data, this report provides a comprehensive overview of how power plants can contribute to making power systems more flexible, while enhancing electricity security. It summarises the findings of the Advanced Power Plant Flexibility campaign of the Clean Energy Ministerial. The solutions presented in this…
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Report
Oct 2023
Efficient Grid-Interactive Buildings
…electrification of end uses and renewable energy generation. For the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a growing population and rising standards of living will massively increase future energy demand. Mitigating growing electricity demand and integrating renewable energy into electricity generation will therefore be paramount for the region’s clean energy transition and avoid lock-in of additional fossil fuel generation. The intermittent nature of variable renewable energy and increasing deployment of distributed energy resources are putting additional pressure on existing grids. In response to these challenges, this report explores the opportunities and challenges for efficient grid-interactive buildings in…
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Country report
Aug 2023
Thailand’s Clean Electricity Transition
…is decarbonising too. This report hence analyses how Thailand can achieve its clean electricity transition, by comparing the planned trajectory of the PDP with the emissions targets, and providing an assessment of the gaps. Building upon the current PDP, this report analyses how the Thai power system can decrease its emissions to meet the targets by increasing the amount of wind and solar PV in its system, and how it can integrate these variable renewable energy sources efficiently. This report concludes work area one of the joint work programme among the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), the Ministry of…
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Technology report
May 2018
Status of Power System Transformation 2018
…effective management of variability and uncertainty in both supply and demand.
A lack of system flexibility can reduce the resilience of power systems, or lead to the loss of substantial amounts of clean electricity through curtailment of variable renewable energy sources. Power plants play a critical role in enhancing system flexibility. Based on a wealth of real-life case studies and data, this report provides a comprehensive overview of how power plants can contribute to making power systems more flexible, while enhancing electricity security. It summarises the findings of the Advanced Power Plant Flexibility campaign of the Clean Energy Ministerial…
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Technology report
Nov 2022
How Hybrid PV Technologies Can Contribute to the Decarbonisation of Thailand's Power System
…2050, with peak emissions by 2030. To achieve these targets, as outlined in the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Roadmap, Thailand will first need to decarbonise the power sector, which will in turn support decarbonisation of the transport and buildings sectors through electrification.Thailand’s clean electricity transition is at the heart of the cooperation between the IEA and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), supported by the Ministry of Energy in the Kingdom of Thailand (MOEN). Work area one, for which this article summarises the first deliverable, is focused on integrating clean technologies into the modernised…
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Country report
Oct 2017
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2017
…frameworks, reform fossil-fuel consumption subsidies, increase regional co-operation and encourage greater investment in the region’s considerable renewable energy potential.But much more remains to be done. Access to modern energy is incomplete. With a total population of nearly 640 million, an estimated 65 million people remain without electricity and 250 million are reliant on solid biomass as a cooking fuel. Investment in upstream oil and gas has been hit by lower prices since 2014 and the region faces a dwindling position as a gas exporter, and a rising dependency on imported oil. At the same time, energy-related air pollution…
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Country report
Oct 2015
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2015
…implications for energy security, the environment and economic development. The report highlights trends in domestic energy demand and supply prospects to 2040, broken down by fuel and sector; the outlook for the power sector and the increasing share of coal in the region’s electricity generation; the role that Southeast Asia will play in international energy trade and the implications for its energy expenditures; the potential energy and environmental benefits of implementing pragmatic measures that would help limit the rise in the region’s greenhouse gas emissions; an in-depth analysis of energy prospects in Malaysia to 2040; and a…