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Will new PV manufacturing policies in the United States, India and the European Union create global PV supply diversification?
…ensure competitiveness with the lowest-cost producers (e.g. in China and ASEAN countries) in both the short and long term. PV manufacturing cost-competitiveness In the past year, rising global commodity prices have led to higher material costs for solar PV manufacturing. Today, China and ASEAN countries (Viet Nam, Thailand and Malaysia) have the lowest solar PV module manufacturing costs for all segments of the supply chain. Economies of scale, supply chain integration, relatively low energy costs and labour productivity make China the most competitive solar module manufacturer worldwide. Higher investment costs in India are the primary reason for…
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Coal 2020
…coal-fired power generation in 2019, but not enough to offset declines elsewhere. In China, growth in coal-fired power generation, increased steel production and shrinking coal use in small industrial and residential boilers resulted in an overall increase in coal consumption of 1%. Across members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), coal use rose 14% in 2019, mainly reflecting demand growth in Viet Nam and, to a lesser extent, in Indonesia. A pandemic-driven drop in coal demand in 2020 In 2020, global coal demand will experience its largest drop since the Second World War, falling 5%...
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
- Prices and costs
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Climate Impacts on South and Southeast Asian Hydropower
Hydropower accounts for 14.5% of total electricity generation in South and Southeast Asia, with a total hydropower installed capacity of 117 GW. The installed hydropower capacity is expected to grow further in order to meet the region’s growing electricity demand and electricity export opportunities, and to maximise the merits of a cost-effective and flexible low-carbon power source. However, climate change poses an increasing challenge to South and Southeast Asian hydropower with rising temperatures, extreme rainfall patterns, melting glaciers, and increasing occurrence of extreme weather events.This report aims to support South and Southeast Asian hydropower in…
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Coal Mine Methane in China: A Budding Asset with the Potential to Bloom
Coal Mine Methane in China: A Budding Asset with the Potential to Bloom An Assessment of Technology, Policy and Financial Issues Relating to coal mine methane in the People's Republic of China, based on interviews conducted at coal mines in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.
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An energy sector roadmap to carbon neutrality in China
An energy sector roadmap to carbon neutrality in China In September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that the People’s Republic of China will “aim to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060”. Amid the growing wave of governments around the world setting targets for reaching net zero emissions, no pledge is as significant as China’s. The country is the world’s largest energy consumer and carbon emitter, accounting for one-third of global CO2 emissions. The pace of China’s emissions reductions will be an important factor in global efforts to limit global…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2007
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2007 The United States is the largest economy and energy user in the world. Significant developments have taken place in its energy policy since the last IEA review in 2002. Most important is the Energy Policy Act 2005 – a comprehensive energy legislation which has set new directions, including opening the way for a nuclear renaissance. Two closely connected challenges shape all debates on the nation’s energy policy path: how to increase security by reducing the dependence on imported supplies; and how to address growing emissions of greenhouse gases. The…
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China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security
China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security China’s rapid growth over the past twenty years has sparked a surging demand for energy. The Chinese made strenuous efforts to exploit their domestic resources; but growth eventually overwhelmed them and led to rising oil imports. Within the next decade, China’s oil imports are expected to grow rapidly and outstrip those of many OECD countries. Gas imports are also projected to increase as China switches to cleaner energy. Aware of its growing dependency on imported energy, China seeks a more prominent position in the existing global system of energy production and…
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Biofuel Policy in Brazil, India and the United States
Insights for the Global Biofuel Alliance As part of its G20 presidency, India has proposed a Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) to bring countries together to expand and create new markets for sustainable biofuels. The sharing of best practices, the technical support and the capacity building that the GBA would bring are welcome additions to international efforts to expand sustainable biofuel production and use, a key step to decarbonising transportation and heat services with secure and affordable energy supplies. This report aims to inform and focus the Alliance’s work by sharing biofuel policy insights from Brazil, India and the United…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2002
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United States 2002 The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of US energy policies and programmes. It finds that US energy policy has an influence on energy policy throughout the world. The 2001 National Energy Policy is an important development. The US is taking unilateral action as an alternative to the Kyoto Protocol. This report urges consideration of legislation on carbon dioxide and adoption of policies allowing international trading in emissions. Strengthening fuel economy standards is an encouraging approach to energy use in transport. Different standards for cars and light trucks should…
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Technology Roadmap - China Wind Energy Development Roadmap 2050
Roadmap Technology Roadmap - China Wind Energy Development Roadmap 2050 Developed by the Energy Resource Institute of China’s National Reform and Development Commission (ERI-NDRC), the China Wind Energy Roadmap is the first national roadmap that has been developed by a country with IEA support, drawing from its global roadmap series. The report shows how the People's Republic of China, already the world’s largest wind market, could reach 1 000 gigawatts of wind power by the middle of the century, an achievement that would reduce CO2 emissions by 1.5 gigatonnes per year, or roughly equivalent to the…