France Canada Clear all

        • Country report

        • Jul 2004

        Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2004

        Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2004 The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of France's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that French energy policy – traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement – has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. Note : Les “Conclusions et recommandations-Synthèse” (9 pages) sont en français dans la publication.

        • Country report

        • Apr 2010

        Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2009

        Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Canada 2009 Canada, with its diverse and balanced portfolio of energy resources, is one of the largest producers and exporters of energy among IEA member countries. The energy sector plays an increasingly important role for the Canadian economy and for global energy security, as its abundant resource base has the potential to deliver even greater volumes of energy.

        • Country report

        • Jan 2013

        Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: France 2012

        In 2007, the IEA published Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries. This report provided an overview of the IEA oil emergency response system and a detailed look at the specific systems in each IEA country for responding to an oil supply crisis. It presented the findings of a five-year review cycle of the emergency response mechanisms in IEA member countries. Since the 2007 publication, the IEA has started a new cycle of reviews which now includes reviewing gas emergency policies. Rather than waiting for the completion of the current review cycle to renew this publication, the IEA…

        • Country report

        • Jan 2011

        Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Canada 2010 update

        Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Canada 2010 update In 2007, the IEA published Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries. This report provides an overview of the IEA oil emergency response system and a detailed look at the specific systems in each IEA country for responding to an oil supply crisis. The report represented the findings of a five-year review cycle of the emergency response mechanisms in IEA member countries. Since the 2007 publication, the IEA has started a new cycle of reviews which now includes reviewing gas emergency policies. Rather than waiting for the completion of the…

        • Country report

        • Nov 2000

        Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2000

        Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2000 The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of France's energy policies and programmes. It finds that France tries to achieve three major objectives in its energy policy: security of supply, environmental protection and low-cost energy for its economy and citizens, notably through its vast nuclear programme. The French have been generally successful, in particular in ensuring a secure energy supply – a high priority for the country, which has only minor energy resources. French energy policy is also based on a strong public service tradition, a notion that leads…

        • Article

        • 30 Jun 2022

        France Natural Gas Security Policy

        Country Energy Security Policy - Natural Gas Natural gas overview France’s natural gas emergency response policy reflects its position as a gas importer. To ensure the availability of sufficient supply and reduce the gas system’s vulnerability in case of a crisis, public service obligations are assigned to the transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO), operators of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, underground storage operators and gas suppliers. Due to the high share of gas consumption for heating, French gas demand is highly weather correlated, with average daily consumption that can be more than four times higher…

        • Article

        • 30 Jun 2022

        France Oil Security Policy

        …and natural gas, but is a net exporter of electricity. It is important that the government continues to engage with key stakeholders to ensure security of supply is maintained during the energy transition.France has a comprehensive legislative and regulatory framework in place to respond to an oil emergency. The framework is based on stockholding obligations for industry, facilitated by a stockholding agency (Comité Professionnel des Stocks Stratégiques Pétroliers, CPSSP) and an association of oil operators (Société Anonyme de Gestion des Stocks de Sécurité, SAGESS). The Directorate for Energy, a unit of the Ministry of Ecological Transition (MET), is responsible for…

        • Article

        • 30 Jun 2022

        France Electricity Security Policy

        …nuclear plants and government targets to reduce the share of nuclear generation to 50% before 2035, and the need to replace these capacities with variable renewables, poses a challenge to the country’s electricity supply security. Additional efforts are especially needed by 2025 to assure system adequacy, following the 2020 closing of the Fessenheim nuclear plant and reduction of coal generation.France has a legal requirement to limit electricity supply losses in line with a 3-hour loss of load expectation (LOLE) standard, which is part of the Energy code. In the models produced by the transmission system operator, RTE…

        • Article

        • 30 Jun 2022

        Canada Electricity Security Policy

        Country Energy Security Policy - Electricity Electricity overview and generation portfolio Most of Canada’s electricity systems are part of the integrated North American market, with 98% of Canadians connected to the continent’s bulk power system. Electricity is regularly traded in both directions between Canada and the United States (‘US’ hereafter) (with Canada a net exporter to the US overall). This robust interconnectivity with 37 north-south cross-border transmission lines adds to the east-west tie lines across provincial borders, and allows for a high degree of reliability and resilience to seasonal or unplanned changes in supply and demand…

        • Article

        • 30 Jun 2022

        Canada Natural Gas Security Policy

        Country Energy Security Policy - Natural Gas Natural gas overview Canada’s policy for emergency gas response, similar to that for oil, reflects its role as a major producer and net exporter, with vast volumes of gas supplies in a well-integrated market with extensive pipeline networks both within Canada and across the border with the United States. In this context, Canada’s gas emergency policy is generally geared towards short-term regional or local disruptions rather than a more widespread or long-lasting supply outage. The gas industry itself has the primary responsibility for ensuring security of supply and responding…

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