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Germany's legislation on oil security
…1975 Energy Security of Supply Act (ESSA), second, the more specific 2012 Petroleum Stockholding Act (PSA) and third the Mineral Oil Data Act (Datenverfügbarkeiten durch das Mineralöldatengesetz). The ESSA provides for a general legal framework aimed at the protection of Germany’s electricity supply (including but not limited to oil supply). The PSA implements the European Union’s Directive 2009/119/EC and lays out a specific legal framework concerning the protection of Germany’s energy supply by stockholding oil and other petroleum products. The Mineral Oil Data Act provides the legal basis for the collection of mineral oil data…
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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Germany 2012 update
…Since 1998, the German oil stockholding agency (EBV) has been solely responsible for meeting Germany's 90-day stockholding obligation. The Oil Stockholding Act stipulates that the EBV shall constantly maintain stocks of oil and petroleum products at a level equivalent to or above 90 days of net imports. There is no minimum stockholding obligation on industry, so industry held commercial stocks are held in addition to the EBV stocks.There are several legal tools available to German authorities for natural gas emergency response. There are no compulsory natural gas storage requirements in Germany, and no state-owned storage facilities…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007
…climate and environmental targets and is bringing energy, efficiency and environment to the top of the world agenda with its presidencies of both the G8 and European Union. The IEA praises these efforts. Nevertheless, work remains to be done to further improve German energy policies and markets. The planned phase-out of nuclear power over the coming years would have major impacts on the country’s energy mix, raising concerns about energy security, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability for the country and for Europe as a whole. Furthermore, though progress has been made, more needs to be done to set…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2013 Review
Since the 2007 IEA review of Germany’s energy policies, the country has taken two fundamental policy decisions that will guide its energy policy in coming decades: the federal government adopted the Energy Concept, a comprehensive new strategy for a long-term integrated energy pathway to 2050; and, following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011, Germany decided to accelerate the phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 starting with the immediate closure of the eight oldest plants. This decision resulted in the adoption of a suite of new policy measures and determined renewable energy as the cornerstone of…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002 The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Germany's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Germany is pursuing several ambitious objectives in its energy policy, notably cutting greenhouse gas emissions and fully liberalising the electricity and gas markets, while phasing out nuclear power.
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Germany 2025
…this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Germany and the IEA. It draws on the IEA's extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Germany’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Germany’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure clean energy transitions. It also…
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Belgium's legislation on oil security
…response to oil supply shortages in emergency situations: first, the more general 1976 Law Approving the Agreement (LAA) on an International Energy Programme (IEP) and second, the more specific 2006 Compulsory Stockholding Act (CSA). The LAA takes the form of a framework act provides for a very general legal framework aimed at the protection of Belgium’s oil supply.The CSA implements the European Union (EU)’s Directive 2009/119/EC and lays out a specific legal framework concerning the protection of Belgium’s energy supply by stockholding oil and other petroleum products. Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant…
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Oil Market Report - December 2017
…losing almost $1/bbl. Highlights Our forecast for global demand growth remains unchanged at 1.5 mb/d in 2017 (or 1.6%) and 1.3 mb/d in 2018 (or 1.3%). Revisions have been made to data for Nigeria, Germany and Iraq. The baseline for oil demand has been raised by roughly 0.2 mb/d.Global oil supply rose 0.2 mb/d in November to 97.8 mb/d, the highest in a year, on the back of rising US production. Output was nonetheless down 1.1 mb/d on a year ago when Russia and Middle East OPEC producers pumped at…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2009 Review
…R&D has risen substantially. Energy security measures have been reinforced for different fuels, and an integrated emergency response policy is under development. Market reforms are advancing in both the electricity and gas sectors. Belgian energy policies are playing an increasingly important role in ensuring energy security not only in the country but also in north-west Europe. The country’s strategic location makes it an important transit hub for natural gas, oil and electricity. Nevertheless, challenges remain. A comprehensive, national strategy is needed to stimulate investment and adequately address energy security and climate change concerns. The Belgian position on…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2016 Review
…of renewable energy. The country's economy is becoming less energy-intensive. Belgium has excellent gas transport infrastructure, and its gas market is well-integrated with those of its neighbours. The country’s emergency oil stock levels are also high. As in all IEA member countries, a major challenge for Belgium is to decarbonise the economy while ensuring security of supply and affordability of energy. A long-term approach is required and, given that responsibility for energy policy is divided between the federal and regional governments, the authorities must work decisively together to form a national energy strategy. Nuclear energy…
