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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Czech Republic 2010 update
Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Czech Republic 2010 update In 2007, the IEA published Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries. This report provides an overview of the IEA oil emergency response system and a detailed look at the specific systems in each IEA country for responding to an oil supply crisis. The report represented the findings of a five-year review cycle of the emergency response mechanisms in IEA member countries. Since the 2007 publication, the IEA has started a new cycle of reviews which now includes reviewing gas emergency policies. Rather than waiting for the completion of…
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Belgium's legislation on oil security
…response to oil supply shortages in emergency situations: first, the more general 1976 Law Approving the Agreement (LAA) on an International Energy Programme (IEP) and second, the more specific 2006 Compulsory Stockholding Act (CSA). The LAA takes the form of a framework act provides for a very general legal framework aimed at the protection of Belgium’s oil supply.The CSA implements the European Union (EU)’s Directive 2009/119/EC and lays out a specific legal framework concerning the protection of Belgium’s energy supply by stockholding oil and other petroleum products. Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant…
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Czech Republic's legislation on oil security
…s legal oil emergency framework is governed by two acts. The first one is the Act No. 189/1999 on Emergency Stocks (ES) as the main legislation on oil emergency. The second one is the Act No 97/1993 on competence of the Administration of State Material Reserves (ASMR) which deals with the role of ASMR in the oil emergency system. Decree No 165/2013 concerns with the technical aspects of oil emergency stocks. All these documents reflect the Council Directive 2009/119/EC.The Czech Republic is in the process of amendment to the relevant domestic legislation in accordance…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2009 Review
…R&D has risen substantially. Energy security measures have been reinforced for different fuels, and an integrated emergency response policy is under development. Market reforms are advancing in both the electricity and gas sectors. Belgian energy policies are playing an increasingly important role in ensuring energy security not only in the country but also in north-west Europe. The country’s strategic location makes it an important transit hub for natural gas, oil and electricity. Nevertheless, challenges remain. A comprehensive, national strategy is needed to stimulate investment and adequately address energy security and climate change concerns. The Belgian position on…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2016 Review
…of renewable energy. The country's economy is becoming less energy-intensive. Belgium has excellent gas transport infrastructure, and its gas market is well-integrated with those of its neighbours. The country’s emergency oil stock levels are also high. As in all IEA member countries, a major challenge for Belgium is to decarbonise the economy while ensuring security of supply and affordability of energy. A long-term approach is required and, given that responsibility for energy policy is divided between the federal and regional governments, the authorities must work decisively together to form a national energy strategy. Nuclear energy…
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Czech Republic Oil Security Policy
…pipeline, which transports crude oil mainly from the Caspian region, is 168 km long (the entire length is 347 km) and its transport capacity usable for the Czech Republic is 200 kb/d. Starting from Vohburg in Germany, the IKL pipeline enters the Czech Republic in the west of the country and ends at the oil depot in Nelahozeves near Prague. The utilisation rate of the IKL in recent years has been about 20-40%. In Vohburg, the IKL pipeline is connected to the TAL pipeline with 868 kb/d capacity, which receives oil via the oil port in Trieste, Italy…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Czech Republic 2010 Review
…the European Union. The energy sector plays an important role for the country’s economy and for the regional energy security. Since the last IEA in-depth review in 2005, the Czech Republic has strengthened its energy policy, further liberalised its electricity and gas markets and made laudable efforts to enhance oil and gas security. The Czech government has a unique opportunity to develop coherent and balanced energy and climate strategies as it currently updates its policy documents. The draft State Energy Concept concentrates on energy security and on maintaining the Czech Republic as a net electricity exporter, through a…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2005 Review
…between 2015 and 2025. As nuclear energy supplies about 55% of the country’s electricity, this will be a significant challenge. This huge supply gap will need to be covered by a combination of energy savings, electricity imports or additional electricity generating capacity. The federal government should conduct more comprehensive long-term studies on the nuclear energy phase-out and its effects on energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. Such studies should be made public. While Belgium is making efforts to better integrate itself with its European neighbours, the country’s internal integration needs improvement. As Belgium is a…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Czech Republic 2001
…The Czech Republic has only limited energy resources. Coal is still the leading fuel for power generation but its role is declining. This trend will accelerate with the commissioning of a second nuclear power plant, at Temelín. Oil and gas imports have been diversified and the Czech electricity grid has been connected to Western Europe. Emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants in the Czech Republic have been reduced, but remain higher than average for IEA Europe. There is also room for improvement in energy efficiency, which would contribute to the country's environmental goals as well as enhance its economic…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2001
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium 2001 The International Energy Agency's 2001 review of Belgium's energy policies and programmes. It finds that due Belgium’s geographical setting, cross-border trade has a significant influence on the country’s energy policy. Belgium has actively increased its gas transmission capacity, and has become key player in the overall European gas markets. There is still room for improvement, however, in the electricity transmission capacity.
Belgium has started to liberalise its electricity and gas market. But the traditional utilities Electrabel and Distrigas retain much influence. Further efforts are required…