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Germany's legislation on oil security
…1975 Energy Security of Supply Act (ESSA), second, the more specific 2012 Petroleum Stockholding Act (PSA) and third the Mineral Oil Data Act (Datenverfügbarkeiten durch das Mineralöldatengesetz). The ESSA provides for a general legal framework aimed at the protection of Germany’s electricity supply (including but not limited to oil supply). The PSA implements the European Union’s Directive 2009/119/EC and lays out a specific legal framework concerning the protection of Germany’s energy supply by stockholding oil and other petroleum products. The Mineral Oil Data Act provides the legal basis for the collection of mineral oil data…
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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: Germany 2012 update
…Since 1998, the German oil stockholding agency (EBV) has been solely responsible for meeting Germany's 90-day stockholding obligation. The Oil Stockholding Act stipulates that the EBV shall constantly maintain stocks of oil and petroleum products at a level equivalent to or above 90 days of net imports. There is no minimum stockholding obligation on industry, so industry held commercial stocks are held in addition to the EBV stocks.There are several legal tools available to German authorities for natural gas emergency response. There are no compulsory natural gas storage requirements in Germany, and no state-owned storage facilities…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007
…climate and environmental targets and is bringing energy, efficiency and environment to the top of the world agenda with its presidencies of both the G8 and European Union. The IEA praises these efforts. Nevertheless, work remains to be done to further improve German energy policies and markets. The planned phase-out of nuclear power over the coming years would have major impacts on the country’s energy mix, raising concerns about energy security, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability for the country and for Europe as a whole. Furthermore, though progress has been made, more needs to be done to set…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2013 Review
Since the 2007 IEA review of Germany’s energy policies, the country has taken two fundamental policy decisions that will guide its energy policy in coming decades: the federal government adopted the Energy Concept, a comprehensive new strategy for a long-term integrated energy pathway to 2050; and, following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011, Germany decided to accelerate the phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 starting with the immediate closure of the eight oldest plants. This decision resulted in the adoption of a suite of new policy measures and determined renewable energy as the cornerstone of…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2002 The International Energy Agency's 2002 review of Germany's energy policies and programmes. This edition finds that Germany is pursuing several ambitious objectives in its energy policy, notably cutting greenhouse gas emissions and fully liberalising the electricity and gas markets, while phasing out nuclear power.
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Germany 2025
…this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Germany and the IEA. It draws on the IEA's extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Germany’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Germany’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure clean energy transitions. It also…
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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: China 2012 update
…a net oil importer since 1993. More than 50% of the total crude oil imports came from counties of the Middle East. To prevent a potential shock to the economy caused by an oil supply disruption, the Chinese government has been steadily pushing to build an oil stock reserve system. China has completed four stockpiling facilities. Regarding natural gas, a strong policy push has boosted natural gas supplies, particularly to residential customers, so that its share doubled in 2009; in 2010, domestic supplies met 90% of domestic consumption. The key elements of China’s approach to gas security are to…
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Oil Market Report - December 2017
…losing almost $1/bbl. Highlights Our forecast for global demand growth remains unchanged at 1.5 mb/d in 2017 (or 1.6%) and 1.3 mb/d in 2018 (or 1.3%). Revisions have been made to data for Nigeria, Germany and Iraq. The baseline for oil demand has been raised by roughly 0.2 mb/d.Global oil supply rose 0.2 mb/d in November to 97.8 mb/d, the highest in a year, on the back of rising US production. Output was nonetheless down 1.1 mb/d on a year ago when Russia and Middle East OPEC producers pumped at…
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Oil Market Report - October 2024
…bbl. Oil security in focus Benchmark oil prices bounced sharply higher in early October, as potential oil supply risks once again took centre stage. Escalating tensions between Israel and Iran are fuelling fears of a broader Middle East conflict and disruptions to Iranian exports. Nevertheless, the resolution of a political dispute in Libya that briefly cut its oil exports in half, relatively modest production losses due to major hurricanes sweeping the US Gulf Coast and weak end-user demand have helped to steady markets. At the time of writing, Brent crude oil futures were trading at around $78/bbl, up…
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Oil Market Report - March 2017
…implied refined product stock drawdowns supporting higher throughput. Highlights Having expanded by 1.6 mb/d in 2016, global oil product demand growth is expected to ease back to 1.4 mb/d in 2017. Early indicators of 1Q17 demand support this, with slowdowns seen in January in Japan, Germany, Korea and India.Global oil supplies rose 260 kb/d in February as OPEC and non-OPEC producers pumped more. At 96.52 mb/d, world oil production stood 170 kb/d below a year ago. OPEC posted a year-on-year decline for the second month running. In 2017 non-OPEC output is set to rise…