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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Spain Natural Gas Security Policy

  …led by the Ministry, and clear regulations for the security of the natural gas market (based on domestic law and EU regulations), result in hardly any deficiencies in terms of securing gas supplies to the market, regardless of the circumstances. However, the changing role of the natural gas in the energy system of Spain may require adjustments to emergency planning and responsible institutions, particularly given the current energy security crisis in Europe. The Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MTE) is the main energy policy body within the Spanish government. For the gas sector, its responsibilities include…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Canada Natural Gas Security Policy

  …in natural gas infrastructure since 2016, reflecting growth of the Montney basin in Northeast British Columbia and Northwestern Alberta, as well as other shale basins in western Canada. These have been primarily focused on expanding one of Canada’s main pipeline systems, TransCanada’s Nova Gas Transmission Limited (NGTL). The NGTL system, which delivers 75% of Alberta and British Columbia’s natural gas production to national and export markets, is currently undergoing a CAD 9.9 billion (Canadian dollars) expansion programme to address bottlenecks and capacity constraints in the long term. Despite significant build out, challenges remain in natural gas.…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Canada Oil Security Policy

  …As such, Canada does not have an IEA stockholding obligation, does not hold any public emergency oil stocks, nor does it impose stockholding obligations on industry. With a robust oil industry and supply infrastructure, Canada’s emergency policy relies primarily on a well-functioning market to ensure supply security, while at the same time reflecting the jurisdictional authority of provinces and territories over energy resources. In an IEA collective action, Canada would likely contribute with demand restraint measures, either with the federal government coordinating voluntary steps by the provinces and territories, or by mandating implementation under a declared national emergency…

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  • 13 Dec 2021

  Fuel economy in Canada

  …s Passenger Automobile and Light Truck GHG Regulations, a 5% annual reduction in CO2-equivalent per mile for passenger cars is required from 2017 to 2025. For light trucks, the stringency of new fleet average greenhouse gas limits increases by 3.5% annually from 2017 to 2021 and 5% annually from 2022 to 2025. In response to propsals in the United States to increase the stringency of emissions standards for model years 2023-2025, Canada has announced intentions of aligning regulations with the most stringent performance standards in North America post-2025, whether that be at the United States federal…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Spain Oil Security Policy

  …production but the processing capacity at its eight refineries exceeds domestic needs and makes Spain a net-exporter of oil products. According to Spain’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), which targets carbon neutrality in 2050, oil consumption will drop by 23% over the next 10 years, contributing to a 31% cut of overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the period. This will come about due to major changes in transport and mobility patterns in the country, with 5 million electric vehicles on the roads by 2030, strong standards for urban circulation, increased use of railways for transporting goods…

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  • 29 Sep 2020

  Spain's legislation on oil security

  …Security Stocks, Natural Gas Supply Diversification and the Strategic Petroleum Product Reserves Corporation (OMM) as amended by the 2007 Royal Decree 1766/2007 regulating the Obligation to Maintain Minimum Security Stocks, the Diversification of the Natural Gas Supply and Strategic Reserves of Petroleum Products Corporation and by the 2015 Royal Decree 984/2015 regulating the Organized Gas Market and the Access of Third Parties to the Installations of the Natural Gas System.  Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Relevant European Union legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering operation of the emergency response system According to article 39(1) OMM, the…

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  • 31 Jul 2020

  Canada’s legislation on oil security

  …Instead, Canada’s ESEA created the Energy Supplies Allocation Board (ESAB) which prepares for emergencies and implements Canada’s oil supply emergency framework at times of crisis.  Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering operation of the emergency response system An oil supply emergency exists when there is an actual or anticipated shortages of oil or disturbances in the oil markets that affect or will affect Canada’s national security and welfare and economic stability (article 15(1) ESEA).  Authority determining whether emergency exists It is the Canadian Governor in Council who, after the lieutenant governors…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Canada Electricity Security Policy

  Country Energy Security Policy - Electricity Electricity overview and generation portfolio Most of Canada’s electricity systems are part of the integrated North American market, with 98% of Canadians connected to the continent’s bulk power system. Electricity is regularly traded in both directions between Canada and the United States (‘US’ hereafter) (with Canada a net exporter to the US overall). This robust interconnectivity with 37 north-south cross-border transmission lines adds to the east-west tie lines across provincial borders, and allows for a high degree of reliability and resilience to seasonal or unplanned changes in supply and demand…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Spain Electricity Security Policy

  …electricity generation in Spain has notably decarbonised, as the share of production from fossil fuels decreased. Renewable energy is the leading provider of electricity, followed by natural gas, nuclear, coal and oil. Spain is now halfway to reaching the National Energy and Climate Plan’s objective of having 74% of renewables electricity generation in 2030, which will require further efforts from all market players.   The completed phase-out of coal, the process of phasing out nuclear and the further rapid development of variable renewables, pose new sets of challenges for electricity security. The challenges are twofold - on the infrastructure…

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  • 16 Aug 2021

  Canada Climate Resilience Policy Indicator

  …Canada rising more rapidly, by 2.3°C during 1948-2016. Canada’s Changing Climate Report also explains that in terms of seasonal variation, the temperature has increased more strongly in the winter than in the summer.Warming is expected to continue into the future, with an overall temperature increase of between 1.8°C and 6.3°C by the end of the century, depending on greenhouse gas emissions levels. The rise in temperature is likely to be more evident during the winter and in the country’s northern regions.Canada’s rising temperature is already affecting energy demand, reducing the number…