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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Canada Natural Gas Security Policy

  …in natural gas infrastructure since 2016, reflecting growth of the Montney basin in Northeast British Columbia and Northwestern Alberta, as well as other shale basins in western Canada. These have been primarily focused on expanding one of Canada’s main pipeline systems, TransCanada’s Nova Gas Transmission Limited (NGTL). The NGTL system, which delivers 75% of Alberta and British Columbia’s natural gas production to national and export markets, is currently undergoing a CAD 9.9 billion (Canadian dollars) expansion programme to address bottlenecks and capacity constraints in the long term. Despite significant build out, challenges remain in natural gas.…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Canada Oil Security Policy

  …As such, Canada does not have an IEA stockholding obligation, does not hold any public emergency oil stocks, nor does it impose stockholding obligations on industry. With a robust oil industry and supply infrastructure, Canada’s emergency policy relies primarily on a well-functioning market to ensure supply security, while at the same time reflecting the jurisdictional authority of provinces and territories over energy resources. In an IEA collective action, Canada would likely contribute with demand restraint measures, either with the federal government coordinating voluntary steps by the provinces and territories, or by mandating implementation under a declared national emergency…

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  • 13 Dec 2021

  Fuel economy in Canada

  …s Passenger Automobile and Light Truck GHG Regulations, a 5% annual reduction in CO2-equivalent per mile for passenger cars is required from 2017 to 2025. For light trucks, the stringency of new fleet average greenhouse gas limits increases by 3.5% annually from 2017 to 2021 and 5% annually from 2022 to 2025. In response to propsals in the United States to increase the stringency of emissions standards for model years 2023-2025, Canada has announced intentions of aligning regulations with the most stringent performance standards in North America post-2025, whether that be at the United States federal…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  France Natural Gas Security Policy

  …but abandoned these plans in the face of expected reductions of gas consumption in France and overcapacity of the grid. Neither project was included in the latest list of projects of common interest of the European Commission.The natural gas transmission network is operated by two TSOs: GRTgaz and Teréga. GRTgaz operates 8 110 km of the main network and 24 043 km of the regional networks (together around 87% of the total gas transmission network in France). GRTgaz is controlled by Engie, which in July 2021 sold its 11.5% share in the company to financial institutions Caisse des…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  France Oil Security Policy

  Country Energy Security Policy - Oil Oil overview France's energy policy priority is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 by decarbonising the energy sector, and energy security measures will have to adapt to rapidly changing market realities. Energy policies assume steep reductions of oil and gas consumption from 2020 through to 2030 – by 30% and 25% respectively; while electricity consumption is seen growing by up to 46% between 2020 and 2050. France is dependent on foreign suppliers for crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas, but is a net exporter of electricity. It is important that the government continues to…

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  • 13 Dec 2021

  Fuel economy in France

  …the average weight of LDVs in 2019 remained 8% below the global average, and has grown only 3% since 2005 to reach 1 359 kg in 2019.In 2019, 49% of new LDVs had gasoline powertrains, up from 40% in 2017. Conversely, the sales share of diesel LDVs has declined from a 55% in 2017 to 44% in 2019. Throughout this time the market for hybrid, plug-in and electric vehicles has continued to expand, with sales shares reaching 3.0%, 0.7% and 1.9%, respectively, in 2019. Overview of current fuel economy policy Voluntary carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions…

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  • 31 Jul 2020

  Canada’s legislation on oil security

  …Instead, Canada’s ESEA created the Energy Supplies Allocation Board (ESAB) which prepares for emergencies and implements Canada’s oil supply emergency framework at times of crisis.  Relevant domestic legislation Related domestic legislation Other related links Circumstances triggering operation of the emergency response system An oil supply emergency exists when there is an actual or anticipated shortages of oil or disturbances in the oil markets that affect or will affect Canada’s national security and welfare and economic stability (article 15(1) ESEA).  Authority determining whether emergency exists It is the Canadian Governor in Council who, after the lieutenant governors…

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  • 30 Jun 2022

  Canada Electricity Security Policy

  Country Energy Security Policy - Electricity Electricity overview and generation portfolio Most of Canada’s electricity systems are part of the integrated North American market, with 98% of Canadians connected to the continent’s bulk power system. Electricity is regularly traded in both directions between Canada and the United States (‘US’ hereafter) (with Canada a net exporter to the US overall). This robust interconnectivity with 37 north-south cross-border transmission lines adds to the east-west tie lines across provincial borders, and allows for a high degree of reliability and resilience to seasonal or unplanned changes in supply and demand…

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  • 31 Jul 2020

  France's legislation on oil security

  …irrespective of whether or not such a supply drop is accompanied by an IEA decision to release stocks or to take other measures. According to article 1(1) OSPP, an ‘effective international decision to release stocks is a decision issued by the IEA’s Governing Board providing that crude oil or petroleum products should be made available to markets and/or that complementary measures should be taken. Authority determining whether emergency exists According to article 2 OSPP, it is the French Director of Energy who determines whether the conditions triggering the French emergency response system have been met and who…

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  • 16 Aug 2021

  Canada Climate Resilience Policy Indicator

  …Canada rising more rapidly, by 2.3°C during 1948-2016. Canada’s Changing Climate Report also explains that in terms of seasonal variation, the temperature has increased more strongly in the winter than in the summer.Warming is expected to continue into the future, with an overall temperature increase of between 1.8°C and 6.3°C by the end of the century, depending on greenhouse gas emissions levels. The rise in temperature is likely to be more evident during the winter and in the country’s northern regions.Canada’s rising temperature is already affecting energy demand, reducing the number…