• Policy

        • People's Republic of China

        • 2022

        Price regulation scheme

        In an effort to shield domestic consumers from the effects of the global energy crisis, the Chinese government enacted the legal means to freeze refined oil price for two month should the international price go beyond USD 130 per barrel, through an ad-hoc subsidy scheme to oil companies.

        • Policy

        • Poland

        • 2022

        Anti-Inflation Shield: low-income household support

        In the framework of its Anti-Inflation Shield enacted in response to the global energy crisis, the Polish government implemented two temporary one-off financial transfers for low-income households hit by the rise in energy prices in 2022. Households depending on coal-based heating systems are entitled to additional support.

        • Policy

        • Japan

        • 2022

        Fuel Oil Price Mitigation Programme

        Japan’s Fuel Oil Price Mitigation Programme provides subsidies to fuel wholesalers and importers to limit increases in retail prices of gasoline, diesel, kerosene, heavy fuel oil and aviation fuel. Introduced in January 2022, the scheme initially provided subsidies of up to approximately ¥5/L when gasoline prices exceeded a benchmark of around ¥170/L, before being expanded in 2022 with subsidy caps raised to around ¥25-35/L as global oil prices surged. The programme was repeatedly extended through 2023-2025 with adjustments to subsidy ceilings and trigger mechanisms to stabilise retail prices. In March 2026, in response to…

        • Policy

        • Korea

        • 2026

        Special Ministerial TF on Livelihood Prices: Petroleum Price-Cap Measures

        This measure is a temporary energy-affordability intervention introduced in response to sharp increases in oil prices linked to Middle East instability. The government announced a petroleum price-cap framework under the Petroleum Business Act, using pre-crisis refinery supply prices as the base and adjusting them with international petroleum product prices and taxes. From 13 March 2026, the government applied a price ceiling to refinery supply prices, including a reported gasoline supply-price ceiling of KRW 1,724 per litre, while retail pump prices were not directly capped. The measure was accompanied by monitoring, enforcement against hoarding or sales…

        • Policy

        • Bulgaria

        • 2013

        Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Stocks Act

        Emergency stocks must cover 90 days of net imports (30 days by the agency) or 61 days of consumption (20 days by the agency). The Minister of Energy may propose consumption restrictions to the Council of Ministers if needed.

        • Policy

        • United Kingdom

        • 2022

        [2nd Package] Spring Statement 2022: Measures supporting households

        In March 2022, the UK government implemented a series of additional measures meant to cushion domestic consumers from the effects of the global energy crisis, notably a temporary 12-month cut to duty on petrol and diesel of GBP 0.05 per litre, an extension of the VAT relief available for the installation of energy saving materials (ESMs), and an increase to the Household Support Fund.

        • Policy

        • Japan

        • 2022

        2022 Comprehensive emergency measures to address soaring crude oil and commodity prices

        …JPY 6.2 trillion direct government spending package at the end of April 2022, financed by a JPY 2.7 trillion FY2022 supplementary budget, as well as government reserve funds.It includes: -transport fuel (eg gasoline, diesel, heavy oil all aviation fuels, and a special subsidy to taxi companies), through a subsidy scheme targeting oil refining companies; -subsidies to help SMEs face the rise in energy and other raw material price; -subsidies for low income & vulnerable households and subsidies for low-income families (JPY 50,000 /child); -transfers to subnational authorities in the form of Extraordinary Regional Revitalization Grants…

        • Policy

        • Malaysia

        • 2022

        2022/2023 Increase in Cooking Oil Stabilisation Scheme-related support

        In an effort to protect domestic consumers from the effects of the global energy price crisis, the Malaysian government increased its budget dedicated to petroleum product and LPG subsidies as well as to the Cooking Oil Stabilisation Scheme (COSS).

        • Policy

        • Albania

        • 2018

        Law on the Establishment, Maintenance, and Management of Minimum-Security Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

        The Law on the Establishment, Maintenance, and Management of Minimum-Security Stocks of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products sets emergency reserves of at least 90 days of daily net imports, maintained by the National Agency.

        • Policy

        • Japan

        • 1973

        Petroleum Supply and Demand Optimization Act

        The purpose of this Act is to taking measures to secure proper oil supply and reduce oil use in case of emergency. Japan’s demand restraint measures would range from light-handed measures (e.g. accurate information sharing and energy saving campaigns) to heavy-handed measures (e.g. limitations in oil use in specific industrial sectors, oil products limitation for end-users and allocation of oil).

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