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Australia
Established under the 2022 Climate Change Act, Australia's climate goals include doubling emissions reductions by 2030 and reaching Net Zero emissions by 2050, while ensuring a just and inclusive energy transition through the guidance of the Net Zero Authority under the Prime Minister’s office. By 2030, the government aims to reach the clean electricity target of 82% of renewable energy. In addition to this target, Australia is implementing a new 2030 critical minerals strategy and gas market reforms to boost energy security during the transition. Flexibility, fuel availability and resilient infrastructure will become even more vital as Australia…
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Chile
Chile’s energy policy has evolved dynamically in recent years. In response to changes in the domestic and international environment, significant institutional and policy reforms as well as major infrastructure projects have been carried out. In 2022, Chile’s Ministry of Energy published an update to its the Long-Term Energy Policy (PELP, first published in 2015), which re-emphasises the pledge to net-zero, laying out a clear decarbonisation pathway that addresses all sectors of the national economy.
Based on its excellent renewable energy resources, Chile has taken a globally leading role in clean energy, and emerged as a…- Overview
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Brunei Darussalam
In 2014, Brunei adopted a strategic plan to achieve 10% share of renewables in the national energy mix by 2035. The plan provides the outline to introduce renewable energy policy and regulatory frameworks and to scale-up market deployment of solar PV.
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Ireland
Ireland put in place an ambitious and comprehensive set of policies and targets to reach net zero by 2050 and 80% of renewable electricity generation by 2030, but now their implementation needs to accelerate. Natural gas will remain an important part of the energy mix at least until the mid-2030s, especially to meet peak electricity demand, but offshore renewable energy will become the cornerstone of Ireland’s energy transition beyond 2030. Given Ireland’s current exclusive reliance on energy imports from the United Kingdom, energy security is a major concern to the government while transitioning to a (variable) renewables…
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Chinese Taipei
The Taiwanese government enacted in the late 2010s the Statute for Renewable Energy Development to reduce CO2 emissions, improve energy diversification and promote green-energy industries. The government is seeking to generate 8% of electricity from renewables by 2025.
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China
China’s growing energy needs are increasingly met by renewables, natural gas and electricity. The scale of China’s future electricity demand and the challenge of decarbonising the power supply help explain why global investment in electricity overtook that of oil and gas for the first time in 2016, and why electricity security is moving firmly up the policy agenda. That said, cost reductions for renewables are not sufficient on their own to secure efficient decarbonisation or reliable supply.
Between 2019 and 2024, China will account for 40% of global renewable capacity expansion, driven by improved system integration, lower curtailment…- Overview
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Japan
Japan’s energy policy is guided by principles of energy security, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and safety. Achieving the aim of carbon-neutrality by 2050 will require substantially accelerating the deployment of low-carbon technologies by 2030, to address regulatory and institutional barriers and further enhance competition in energy markets. It will also be important to develop different decarbonisation scenarios and to prepare for the possibility that certain low-carbon technologies, such as nuclear, might not expand as quickly as hoped. Stronger reliance on market-based instruments, such as carbon pricing, could be one policy option for Japan to cost…
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United States
The United States introduced major energy and climate policy reforms which put the country on a path towards a clean, secure and affordable energy system for a net zero economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today…- Overview
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Germany
…Law sets out the framework for reaching net zero emissions by 2045. In order to achieve the ambitious Energiewende by 2030, 80% of all electricity supply will need to come from renewable energy sources (and 100% by 2035) and coal is to be completely phased out. Germany has been an early leader in offshore wind and solar PV and phased out nuclear power in 2023. Major legislative reforms in renewable energy planning and siting support targets of 100-110 GW of onshore wind, 30 GW offshore wind and 200 GW solar, alongside investments in 10 GW of hydrogen by 2030…
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Panama
Panama's National Energy Plan 2015–2050 outlines long-term strategy for the country’s energy sector development, including renewables. The Plan established that 15% of Panama’s generation capacity will come from renewables by 2030 and 50% by 2050.
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