• Country

        Türkiye

        Rapid economic and population growth in Türkiye over the past two decades have not only driven strong growth in energy demand, but also an associated increase in import dependency. As a result, Türkiye has pursued a restructuring of its energy system with the aim of rationalising energy demand growth, lowering energy prices and slowing the pace of import growth.
        These reforms have included measures targeted at modernisation, liberalisation and increased domestic production capacity. Notably, Türkiye has seen considerable diversification of its energy mix in the past decade. Renewable electricity generation has tripled in the past decade and the commissioning of…

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        • Country

        Ireland

        …electricity generation by 2030, but now their implementation needs to accelerate. Natural gas will remain an important part of the energy mix at least until the mid-2030s, especially to meet peak electricity demand, but offshore renewable energy will become the cornerstone of Ireland’s energy transition beyond 2030. Given Ireland’s current exclusive reliance on energy imports from the United Kingdom, energy security is a major concern to the government while transitioning to a (variable) renewables-based energy system and advancing the electrification of the heating and transport sectors to meet the ambitious climate targets to 2030 and beyond.

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        • Country

        Korea

        …use among IEA countries. Korea aims to leverage the fourth industrial revolution for its energy transition and to foster green growth by means of low-carbon technologies and clean energy. Due to Korea’s high share of coal-fired power generation, the carbon intensity of its electricity mix is above the IEA average. Korea’s private sector has a high capacity for technology innovation and its population has shown an almost unparalleled openness toward digitalisation. As a result, Korea’s energy transition is closely linked to efforts to spur investments in energy storage systems, smart grids and intelligent transport systems.

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        • Country

        New Zealand

        New Zealand has a diversified energy mix, with significant production of both hydropower and geothermal. As the country embarks on an ambitious energy transition, it has many natural advantages, including a strong renewable resource base. New Zealand already has a low-emissions electricity system, with over 80% of electricity coming from renewable sources. The key challenge will be to decarbonise other end-use sectors through clean power and support investments in new technologies to achieve deeper emissions cuts across all sectors. Notably, the transport sector accounts for the highest share of emissions and is almost entirely dependent on oil while…

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        • Country

        Latvia

        …renewable energy in its fuel mix, with sizeable shares of bioenergy and hydropower.
        Renewable energy sources dominate its electricity mix, in particular, accounting for around three-quarters of domestic generation. Other sectors, notably transport and buildings, continue to consume large amounts of energy and rely on dated infrastructure that hinders stronger reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, energy efficiency and fuel switching in these sectors will require greater focus.
        Latvia’s hydro-dominated electricity system provides a favourable starting point to use clean electricity to decarbonise other economic sectors. Moreover, given Latvia’s historic dependence on energy…

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        • Country

        Switzerland

        Switzerland has notably decoupled economic growth from energy use despite strong population growth. This trend should continue, and the energy efficiency first principle should be reflected in all climate and energy legislation. Reaching the 2050 net zero emissions target and addressing the growing winter electricity gap between demand and production requires an unprecedented volume of additional renewable generation capacity, especially wind and hydro. For this, the country needs to shorten the complex and extended administrative and legal permitting process. This will also help advancing investments in grid infrastructure to prepare for more decentralised and variable generation. Switzerland should also align…

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        • Country

        China

        China’s growing energy needs are increasingly met by renewables, natural gas and electricity. The scale of China’s future electricity demand and the challenge of decarbonising the power supply help explain why global investment in electricity overtook that of oil and gas for the first time in 2016, and why electricity security is moving firmly up the policy agenda. That said, cost reductions for renewables are not sufficient on their own to secure efficient decarbonisation or reliable supply.
        Between 2019 and 2024, China will account for 40% of global renewable capacity expansion, driven by improved system integration, lower curtailment…

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        • Country

        Venezuela

        The Venezuela Plan for the National Electric System aims to integrate renewables in the power system by including it in medium and long-term strategies. It aims to develop the use of renewables within isolated rural communities including solar, small hydro and biogas.

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        • Country

        Brazil

        …biofuels and flex-fuel cars provide a large domestic market. Ethanol supply is set to average 660 kb/d in 2026, up 90 kb/d compared with 2020 and 35 kb/d higher than in 2019. A system of contract auctions provides a mechanism to bring forward investment in new generation and transmission capacity, as well as to diversify the power mix.
        Large offshore oil and gas discoveries have confirmed Brazil’s status as one of the world’s foremost oil and gas provinces. Pre-salt discoveries also prompted a change in upstream regulation, granting Petrobras – the national oil company …

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        • Country

        Kyrgyzstan

        Kyrgyzstan’s hydro-rich energy sector is characterised by aging infrastructure and significant losses, which are exacerbated by a combination of weather-related shocks and growing demand. Energy policy aims to improve energy security by developing indigenous energy sources and rehabilitating and expanding transmission and distribution networks. Developing sustainable energy and improving energy efficiency are also priorities, while slowly removing subsidies will allow for further investment and expansion of domestic resources. Kyrgyzstan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, which is focused on evidence-based policymaking in the energy sector.

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