Variable renewable energy integration phase and variable renewable energy power generation shares for selected countries, 2023 and 2030

Sources

Phase assessment from IEA (2024), Integrating Solar and Wind: Global experience and emerging challenges (https://www.iea.org/reports/integrating-solar-and-wind). VRE generation share from Renewables 2024.

Notes

VRE= variable renewable energy. The beginning of the arrow represents 2023 (VRE share and phase), and the arrowhead represents 2030 (VRE share and phase). Phase 1= VRE has no significant impact at the system level. Phase 2= VRE has a minor to moderate impact on the system. Phase 3= VRE determines the operation pattern of the power system. Phase 4= VRE meets almost all demand at times. Phase 5= Significant volumes of surplus VRE across the year. Phase 6= Secure electricity supply almost exclusively from VRE.