Variability of annual generation of wind, solar PV and hydropower in selected countries

Sources

IEA analysis based on IEA (2020), Renewables 2020; Pfenninger, S. and I. Staffell (2016), Long-term patterns of European PV output using 30 years of validated hourly reanalysis and satellite data; Staffell, I. and S. Pfenninger (2016), Using bias-corrected reanalysis to simulate current and future wind power output.

Notes

Normalised for capacity changes. Wind and solar PV are based on a fixed generation fleet (except for the United States, Japan and India). Hydro is based on annual capacity factors. Considers 1991-2019 for hydro, 1986-2015 for solar (2010-19 for the United States, Japan and India), and 1980-2019 for wind (2010-19 for the United States, Japan and India).