Selected top emitters and their regulatory scores, 2025

Sources

IEA estimates based on measured, satellite, and inferred data (see Documentation for further information).

Notes

Regulatory scores are based on regulations that are legally in force and for which compliance is mandatory. Scores are based on “on-the-books” laws and regulations, and do not reflect enforcement in practice. Regulations that have been enacted but are not yet in force are excluded from the scores, as are those adopted by subnational authorities. As a result, scores may not fully capture regulatory stringency in practice.