Publicly reported energy RD&D spending by companies, 2012-2016

Notes

Sample includes some SOEs. Classifications are based on Bloomberg Industry Classification System. R&D is allocated according to shares of revenue per sector for companies active in multiple sectors. Clean energy includes renewable energy, electric mobility, electricity storage, nuclear, LEDs and smart grids. Thermal power includes original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of power plant equipment for fossil-fuel fired generation.