Official export credits by instrument type, 2014-2023

Sources

IEA analysis of proprietary data provided by the OECD Export Credit Group.

Notes

Pure cover = Insurance or guarantees that protect against non-payment risks, encouraging private sector participation. Direct credit = ECA-provided loans directly to foreign buyers or developers, typically with favourable terms. Interest rate support = Subsidised interest rates on loans to make financing more affordable, often for high-risk projects. The patterned area refers to the amount of support that includes an element of guarantees or insurance that add to the de-risking of the transaction. Official support from ECAs can be provided through any combination of the above instruments.