Marginal cost per unit of energy saved vs energy savings of a selected bundle of energy efficiency technologies for a representative container ship

Notes

toe= tonne oil equivalent. For a containership of 9500 Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) capacity built in 2025. For each technology, the marginal cost is calculated as the difference in total cost (capital cost + operational cost excluding fuel) between a ship fitted with the technology and a ship not fitted with it; its energy savings are calculated over the total life of the ship; the marginal cost is the ratio of the two. A marginal cost lower than the unit price of fuel means that, over the lifetime of the ship, fuel savings make up for the cost of the technology. Operational measures include trim and draft optimisation and autopilot optimisation. Hydrodynamic measures include adding a gate rudder, hull shape optimisation and air lubrication. Auxiliary system measures include HVAC optimisation and installing energy efficient lighting systems. Waste heat recovery measures include installing a power and steam turbine generator. Wind assistance measures include kite sails. The range of variation for fossil fuel prices corresponds to the yearly average price between 2019 and 2024 of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (IMO 2020 Grade, 0.5%).