Levelised cost of production for heat pumps in selected countries/regions by type, 2023

Last updated 7 Feb 2025

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Notes

air-air home = air-to-air central heat pumps for the whole household; air-air room = air-to-air reversible air conditioners for a room; air-water = air-to-water units for the whole household. For Japan, air-water units are intended as water heaters with tanks. USD = USD (2023, ME

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