International shipping energy intensity and its components, 2000-2023

Last updated 26 Mar 2025

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Sources

IEA analysis based on data from IMO (change of speed and size of ships) and: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2024, based on data from Clarksons Research (activity).

Notes

tnm=tonnes.nautical miles. This chart represents activity, energy demand, and intensity trends for all international shipping.

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