Installed and announced sodium-ion manufacturing capacity compared with lithium-ion battery manufacturing capacity, 2025 and 2030

Sources

IEA analysis based on data from Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.

Notes

LIB = Lithium-ion batteries. GWh = Giga watt-hour, referring to the annual nameplate manufacturing capacity. Manufacturing capacity refers to battery cells. “Similar critical mineral intensity to LIB” refer to all layered oxide cathode materials. “Lower critical minerals intensity to LIB” refer to polyanionic and Prussian‑blue analogue (PBA) cathode materials. Some polyanionic and PBA chemistries can still contain notable amounts of critical minerals – for example manganese for PBAs or vanadium for polyanionics – but typically less than layered oxides. Manufacturing capacities in the right chart refers to all lithium-ion battery and all sodium-ion battery chemistries. Announced refers to all announcements.